| A | B |
|---|
| History and Prehistory | the time before developed writing |
| Artifact | any object shaped by human hands |
| Archaeologists | scientists who investigate prehistoric life by unearthing left behind objects |
| Culture | way of life |
| Pharoah | Great house of the king |
| Hieroglyphics and Scribes | carved pictures or symbols on pieces of slate |
| Great Pyramid | Biggest pyramid which held King Khufu |
| Mummification | the process of which the people preserve a previous king and place him in a tomb. |
| Mesopotamia | the eastern part of the fertile crescent |
| Geography | Tigris and Euphrates River |
| Monotheism and Polytheism | the belief in one god and the belief in more than one god |
| Two Aegean Civilizations on Crete | Minoans and Myceneans |
| Schlieman | Heinrich Schlieman, he found the lost city of Troy |
| Homer | Blind poet who wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey |
| Trojan War | 10 year war between Greece and Troy |
| Athens and Sparta | Two separate cities in Greece that are enemies and rivals in the olympics |
| Phillip II and Alexander the Great | Philip was Alexander the Great's Dad who was murdered and Alexander the Great conquered much land and named much of it Alexandria |
| Socrates and Plato | Socrates was the philosopher who developed the Socratic Method and Plato was the Philosopher who wrote the Republic |
| Arete | Strive for excellence |
| Estruscans | didn't speak the indo-european language and were overthrown by the latins. |
| 3 branches of Roman Republic | Executive, legislative, and Judicial |
| Patricians and Plebians | Patricians were the latin nobles and the Plebians were the latin wealthy nonaristocratic townspeople. |
| Twelve Tables | 12 bronze tablets containg the laws of the roman republic |
| Hannibal and Punic Wars | there were three punic wars, the first one was when Carthage threatened to seize the strait of Messina from Greece and Greece defeated them, the second one was when Hannibal tried to conquer greece with 40 elephants and 40000 men but lost, and the third one was when Greece wanted revenge on Carthage and just went and attacked them and sold the few survivors into slavery. |
| Julius Caesar | One of the greatest rulers of Rome of all time and was also the first triumvirate consisting of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. He was murdered by a bunch of guys and his friend Brutus on March 15, 44 BC. |
| Octavian | Julius Caesar's nephew, and the first emperor of Rome and the second triumvirate consisting of Octavian, Marc Antony, and Marcus Lepidus. |
| Pax Romana | 200 years of Roman peace. |
| Constantine and Constantinople | Constantine was the emperor of Rome and he issued the Edict of Milan. |
| Christianity | The religion that many people around the world follow, the founder is Christ, or Jesus Christ. |
| Paul | Paul was a convert that went around telling everyone about Jesus, he was also known as Saul. |
| Disciples | The followers of Jesus Christ |
| Constantinople | Used to be called byzantium, but constantinople conquered it and renamed it, today it is known as Istanbul. |
| Great Schism | When the Church split into the Eastern and Western Orthodox Churches. |
| Slavs | The Slavs were among the largest groups living in eastern Europe. The have the leadership of the Eastern Orthodox Church. |
| Rurik | Rurik was the most famous of the viking leaders and his name was Rurik the Rus, and Russia derived from Rus. |
| Kiev | Kiev is the fortress village to the south that was conquered by Prince Oleg |
| Cyril | a monk that was responsible for the Russian alphabet |
| Mongols | Mongols were also called Tatars by the Slavs and they defeated the armies of the Eastern Slavic princes and were the one that captured Kiev and destroyed it. |
| Muslims | The muslims were the followers of the Islamic religion founded by Mohammed. |
| Mohammed | Married to Khadijah, was born in Mekkah |
| Gabriel | The angel that came to Mohammed |
| Arabic Language | the language in which the Quran is written. Was considered the universal language. |
| Allah | the arabic word for God, and is the one true diety of the Islamic religion |
| Quran | The Quran is the written collection of all of the messages Gabriel revealed to Mohammed. |
| Five Pillars | The Five pillars are the five essential duties that all Muslims are to fulfill. They are the confession of faith, prayer five times a day, the giving of charity, fasting for a month, and the last one is to make a pilgramage at least once in your life if possible to Mekkah. |
| Islamic Divisions | the Sunni and the Shiites. |
| Charlemagne | the frankish king and was known as Charles the Great. He was the son of Pepin and his empire was known as the Frankish Empire. |
| Vikings | Invasions, Exploration |
| Feudalism | form of government that stresses mutual protection between monarchs and nobles |
| Fief | estate with peasants granted by a king or mayor of the palace |
| vassal | noble who serves a lord of higher rank |
| Knighthood | Knight of the sword, Knight of the Chivalry, and Knight of the Bath |
| Castles | Castles were large buildings built to protect the king and were built so it was nearly impossible for intruders to get inside. It had a moat, a drawbridge, very small windows and high turrets and not to mention many guards. |
