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| Matter (def) | Anything that has mass & takes up space |
| Organic matter (def) | Matter that was once living or is still alive |
| Inorganic matter (def) | Matter that has never been living |
| Physical properties of matter (def) | Characteristics that do not change the type of matter |
| Examples of Physical properties of matter | Color, shape, texture, hardness, density, ductility, buoyancy, solubility, &phase changes |
| Ductility (def) | Ability of a metal to be bent, stretched or shaped with out breaking |
| Bouyancy (def) | Ability to float |
| Solubility (def) | Ability to dissolve in another substance |
| Phase Change (def) | Change between the states of matter; solid to liquid, solid to gas, liquid to solid, liquid to gas, gas to liquid, gas to solid |
| Characteristics of a Solid | Particles vibrate but are held in fixed positions, has a definite and volume. |
| Characteristics of a Liquid | Particles touch each other but are free to move around; has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container |
| Characteristics of a Gas | The particles have very little attraction to each other; atoms move freely & independently; atoms fill the entire container |
| Characteristics of Plasma | Matter is composed mostly of ions & electrons; most common state of matter in the universe |
| 2 examples of matter in the plasma state | Stars & lightning |
| 2 examples of solids | Copper & Gold |
| 2 examples of liquids | Mercury & Water |
| 2 examples of gases | Hydrogen & Oxygen |
| Chemical properties of matter (def) | Reactions in which the type of matter is usually changed creating a new substance |
| 2 examples of Chemical Reactions | Oxidation (rust) & Combustion (burning) |
| 2 things that can change the state of matter | A change in temperature or a change in pressure |
| Sublimation (def) | Solid turning directly to a gas |
| Deposition (def) | Gas turning directly to a solid |
| Melting (def) | Phase change from a solid to a liquid when heat is added |
| Evaporation (def) | Phase change from a liquid to a gas when heat is added |
| Condensation (def) | Phase change from a gas to a liquid when heat is removed |
| Freezing (def) | Phase change from a liquid to a solid when heat is removed |
| Freezing point of water | 0 degrees C, 32 degrees F |
| Boiling point of water | 100 degrees C, 212 degrees F |
| Temperature at which water is most dense | 4 degrees C |
| Atom (def) | Smallest part of an element that has all the characteristics of that element; know as the building blocks of matter |
| Parts of an atom | Proton, Neutron, Electron |
| Positively charged particle in an atom | Proton |
| Negatively charged particle in an atom | Electron |
| Neutral particle in an atom | Neutron |
| 2 particles found in the nucleus of an atom | Protons & Neutrons |
| Center of an atom | Nucleus |
| Element (def) | Matter that contains only one type of atom |
| 4 Examples of Elements | Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Gold (Au), Silver (Ag) |
| John Dalton (def) | English chemist who stated the concept of the Particle Model |
| Particle Model (def) | each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms |
| Compound (def) | Matter containing two or more chemically combined elements & having physical properties different from each of the elements in it |
| Molecule (def) | 2 or more atoms chemically combined; The smallest particle of a compound that still keeps all the properties of that compound |
| 3 Example of compounds | Water, Carbon dioxide, Salt (Halite) |
| Mixture (def) | A combination of different substances in which each of the items keeps its own properties |
| 2 examples of mixtures | Dirt & Air |
| Solution (def) | Mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another |
| 2 examples of solutions | Saltwater, Iced Tea |
| Atomic # (def) | The number of protons in the nucleas of an atom |
| Mass # synonym | Atomic mass or Atomic weight |
| Mass # (def) | The number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Ion (def) | An electrically charged atom; formed when an atom either loses or gains an electron |
| Charge of a metal ion | + because metals tend to lose electrons |
| Charge of a nonmetal ion | - because nonmetals tend to gain electrons |
| Isotope (def) | Atom that has a different # of neutrons in the nucleus & therefore have a different mass # than the original atom; some are unstable & radioactive |
| 2 Examples of Ions | Na+ & Cl- |
| 2 Examples of Isotopes | Uranium 235 & Carbon 14 |
| Bonds (def) | Chemical attachment among atoms |
| 2 types of chemical bonds | Ionic & Covalent |
| Ionic Bond (def) | The force of electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Covalent Bond (def) | Attachment of atoms formed by sharing electrons |
| Nuclear Energy (def) | An energy source produced from atomic reactions such as fission and fusion |
| Fission (def) | The splitting of the nucleus of a heavy atom forming lighter elements and energy |
| Fuel for Nuclear Fission | Uranium 235 |
| Type of bond holding NaCl (salt) togther | Ionic |
| Examples of covalently bonded molecules | CO, Water, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Gas |
| Generator (def) | Converts mechanical energy to electricity when a magnet with a coiled wire around it spins |
| Turbine (def) | Converts the Kinetic energy of a liquid or gas to mechanical energy |
