| A | B |
|---|
| crop rotation | growth of different crops on the same land over a period of time |
| terraces | horizontal ridges that stop soil from being washed away |
| desertification | long-term process of losing soil and plant fertility |
| deforestation | loss of forest area |
| reforestation | replanting of trees |
| semiarid | regions that receive small amounts of water |
| aqueducts | artificial channels for carrying water |
| aquifers | waterbearing layers of rock, sand, or gravel |
| desalinization | taking salt out of water |
| acid rain | when air pollution combines with moisture from the air then falls to the ground |
| global warming | slow increase in Earth's temp. |
| nonrenewable resource | resource that cannot be replaced by a natural process |
| minerals | substances that make up the Earth's crust |
| metallic minerals | shiny metals that can conduct heat and electricity |
| nonmetallic minerals | minerals that lack the characteristics of metal |
| fossil fuels | formed from fossils that are nonrenewable resources |
| petroleum | oily liquid |
| refineries | factories where crude oil is pumped |
| hydroelectric power | electricity by water power |
| solar energy | suns heat or light |
| culture | shared beliefs and ways of doing things |
| ethnic culture | cultural groups that share beliefs and practices passed down from generation to generation |
| multicultural | people from different cultures that live in the same place |
| race | inherited physical or biological traits |
| acculturation | important cultural changes as the result of long term contact with another society |
| symbol | sign that stands for something else |
| domestication | cultivation of plants and breeding of animals |
| substance agriculture | farmers who grow just enough food for themselves and their family |
| commercial agriculture | farmers who grow large amounts of food for lots of people and my only grow one product |
| civilization | culture who becomes highly complex |
| population density | country's population divided by its area |
| demography | branch of government that studies human population |
| urbanization | movement of people from farms to cities |
| birth rate | # of births per 1,000 people in a year |
| death rate | # of people who died per 1,000 people in one year |
| economy | activities that people do to earn a living in a system |
| primary industries | activities that direct involve natural or raw materials |
| secondary industries | change raw materials created by primary industries into finished products |
| tertiary industries | handled goods that are ready to be sold |
| quaternary industries | people who have specialized skills |
| gross national product | (GNP) value of all goods and services that a country produces in a year |
| gross domestic product | (GDP) goods and services produced within a country divided by its population |
| developed countries | countries that have strong secondary tertiary, and quaternary industries |
| literacy rate | % of people who can read and write |
| developing countries | different stages of moving toward development |
| democracy | voters elect leaders and rule by majority |
| communism | government owns almost everythng |
| carrying capacity | maximum # of a species that can be supported by an area |
