| A | B |
| corduroy road | a road made by laying logs crosswide over an area |
| turnpike | a road paid for by fees collected from users |
| toll | a fee that is paid for the use of a road |
| steamboat | a boat powered by a steam engine |
| tributary | a stream or river that feeds into a larger stream or river |
| manufacturing | the making of goods in factories |
| textile | cloth |
| loom | a weaving machine |
| cotton boll | the fluffy white part of the cotton plant |
| cotton gin | a machine that removes seeds from cotton |
| interchangeable part | a part that can be replaced by another exactly like it |
| immigrant | a person who leaves one country to settle in another |
| mountain man | a trailblazing fur trapper or trader in the West |
| wagon train | a long line of covered wagons traveling together |
| dictator | a person with complete control of a country |
| revolt | an armed uprising |
| forty-niner | a gold-seeker who arrived in California in 1849 |
| irrigation | the practice of channeling water from rivers and streams to farm fields |