| A | B |
|---|
| Organic | Any substance that has carbon and hydrogen atoms in it |
| Macromolecule | A giant molecule made when smaller subunits are linked together |
| Carbohydrate | A type of organic molecule that includes sugars and polysaccharides like starch |
| Monosaccharide | The smallest carbohydrate; can be found alone or linked to othe monosaccharides |
| Disaccharide | Two monosaccarides linked together like glucose and fructose make sucrose |
| Polysaccharide | Long chains of monosaccharides linked together; starch |
| Starch | A polysaccharide that has many glucose molecules linked together to form a long chain |
| Glucose | A type of monosaccharide |
| Cellulose | A type of polysaccharide that is made from many glucose molecules linked together (different from starch in the way the glucose are linked to each other) |
| Lipid | Small organic molecules that can't dissolve in water |
| Fatty acid | A long chain of carbons with hydrogens attached and a COOH on one end; used to make some lipids |
| Unsaturated | A type of fatty acid that is missing some hydrogens because some of the carbons have made double bonds with each other |
| Saturated | A type of fatty acid that has the maximum number of hydrogens possible because all the carbons are connected by single covalent bonds |
| Dehydration synthesis | Chemical reaction used to link building blocks together to make large macromolecules; forms a molecule of water when it happens |
| Hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that breaks apart large molecules by adding a molecule of water to them |
| Phospholipid | A type of lipid that has one end that dissolves in water and another end that does not dissolve; part of membranes |
| Amino acid | Building block for proteins |
| Protein | Macromolecule built up from many amino acids linked by dehydration synthesis |
| Polypeptide | A chain of amino acids |
| Primary structure | The sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| Secondary structure | When a long chain of amino acids makes spirals |
| Tertiary structure | When a chain of amino acids bends and folds because the different amino acids in the chain start to bond with each other |
| Quaternary | Some proteins are made of more than one polypeptide chain |
| Monomer | A subunit or building block like an amino acid for proteins |
| Polymer | A chain of monomers |
