| A | B |
|---|
| conservation | The planned management of natural resources to prevent destruction or neglect. |
| Kickback | Payback of a sum received from increased fees because of a confidential agreement or act. |
| Political Machine | Party organization in big cities that holds power by controlling votes, courts, and police. |
| Lobbyist | Person who promotes or secures the passage of legislation by influencing public officials. |
| Partronage | Practice of elected officials to make appointments to unelected government positions for political advantage or repayment of favors. |
| Spoils System | Practice of dismissing government job holders affiliated with a defeated party and replacing them with supporters of the winning party. |
| Inflation | Decline in money's value when more money is pringed, resulting in increased prices of goods and services. |
| Graft | Acquisition of money or power in dishonest or questionable ways while in public office. |
| 18th Amendment | (1919) Prohibited the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States. |
| 19th Amendment | (1920) Extending the vote to all qualified women in federal and state elections. |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People whose goal is to end discrimination against blacks & minorities. |
| Women's Suffrage | A movement to secure the right of women to vote. |
| Temperance | Moderation in the use of alcoholic liquors. |
| Prohibition | The law forbidding the manufacture, transportation, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages. |
| Square Deal | During the 1904 presidential campaign strategy that individuals are "entitled to no more and to receive no less." It is a belief that all people should have an equal opportunity to succeed through strong personal ethics, a sense of fairness, and adherence to the spirit of the law. |
| Populism | A political philosophy supporting the rights of people in their struggle against the privileged elite. |
| Tariffs | A tax imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. |
| Panic of 1893 | Economic depression included agriculture, decline in gold reserve, and unsound railroad financing |
| Interstate Commerce Act | (1887) Rates railroads charged must be "resonable & just"; forbade pooling (illegal agreement between railroads to divide freight jobs between them), rebates, and higher rates for short rather than long hauls. |
| Grand Canyon | National Park in NW Arizona established in 1919. |
| Mesa Verde | National Park in SW Colorado established in 1906 to preserve prehistoric Indian cliff dwellings. |
| Glacier National Park | National preserve, NWMontana established in 1910 has active glaciers. |
| Pure Food & Drug Act | (1006) Forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of impure foods & drugs and the mislabeling of such products involved in interstate (between states) commerce. |
| Meat Inspection Act | (1906) Allowed the Sec. of Agriculture to inspect all meat products shipped between states (interstate) to make sure they are safe for human consumption. |
| Merit System | The system in which appointments and promotions in the civil service are made on the basis of the merit or good performance of the employees rather than on allegiance to a political party. |
| Political Bosses | Such as Boss Tweed, the term became associated with political corruption. |
| Muckrakers | People especially journalists who expose social and political evils. (Phrase coined by T. Roosevelt = meaning one who rakes dung) |
| progressives | Reformers who worked to improve social and political problems, beginning in the late 1800s |
| direct primary | Method of allowing voters to choose their own candidates for office |
| recall | Measure allowing voters to remove an official from office before his or her term is over. |
| initiative | Law enabling voters to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition |
| referendum | Measure allowing citizens to vote on proposed laws |
| socialism | Economic system in which the government or the workers own and operate the means of production |
