| A | B |
|---|
| central nervous system | controls all basic bodily functions, and responds to external changes |
| peripheral nervous system | provides a complete network of motor and sensory nerve fibers connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| autonomic nervous system | parallels spinal cord but is separately involved in control of exocrine glands, blood vessels, viscera and external genitalia |
| brain and spinal cord | make up the central nervous system |
| cranial nerves and spinal nerves (voluntary) | make up the peripheral nervous system |
| crainal nerves and spinal nerves (involuntary) | make up the autonomic nervous system |
| nerve | is a group or bundle of fibers located outside the central nervous system that connect the brain and spinal cord with various parts of the body |
| afferent neurons | carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord from the skin and sense organs. |
| dendrites | branched process of a neuron that receives impulses and carries them to the cell body |
| efferent neurons | carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
| ganglion | knotlike mass of nerve tissue located outside the brain and spinal cord |
| impulse | wave of sudden excitement |
| stimulus | something that activates or excites the nerve and results in an impulse |
| neuron | basic, individual, microscopic serve cell |
| tract | actual bundle of fibers within the system |
| gray matter | unsheathed or uncovered cell bodies and dentrites |
| white matter | myelinated nerve fibers |
| cerebral hemispheres | form the largest part of the brain, occupying the anterior and middle cranial fossae in the skull and extending backwards over the tentorium cerebelli. They are made up of the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, tracts of synaptic connections, and the ventricles containing CSF |
| diencephalon | includes the thalamus, hyopthalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus, and forms the central core of the brain. It is surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres. |
| midbrain | is located at the junction of the middle and posterior cranial fossae. |
| pons | sits in the anterior part of the posterior cranial fossa- the fibres within the structure connect one cerebral hemisphere with its opposite cerebellar hemisphere. |
| medulla oblongata | is continuous with the spinal cord, and is responsible for automatic control of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. |
| cerebellum | overlies the pons and medulla, extending beneath the tentorium cerebelli and occupying most of the posterior cranial fossa. It is mainly concerned with motor functions that regulate muscle tone, coordination, and posture. |
| frontal lobe | is concerned with higher intellectual functions, such as abstract thought and reason, speech (Broca's area in the left hemisphere only), olfaction, and emotion. Voluntary movement is controlled in the precentral gyrus (the primary motor area). |
| parietal lobe | is dedicated to sensory awareness, particularly in the postcentral gyrus (the primary sensory area). It is also concernes with abstract reasoning, language interpretation and formation of a mental egocentric map of the surrounding area. |
| occipital lobe | is responsible for interpretation and processing of visual stimuli from the optic nerves, and association of these stimuli with other nervous imputs and memories. |
| temporal lobe | is concerned with emotional development and formation, and also contains the auditory area responsible for processing and discrimination of sound. It is also the area thought to be responsible for the formation and processing of memories. |
| anterior cerebral artery |  |
| middle cerebral artery |  |
| posterior cerebral artery |  |
