| A | B |
|---|
| physical property | characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of its substances |
| physical change | change in physical properties which does not alter the substance's identity |
| chemical property | characteristic of a substance that tells whether it can go through a certain chemical change |
| chemical change | a change in molecular bonding |
| precipitate | solid particles formed in a double displacement reaction and that is insoluble |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | states that matter is neither destroyed nor created during a chemical reaction (mass of products = mass of reactants); must have a closed system to prove |
| chemical reaction | process that led to a chemical change |
| weathering | change in landscape or manmade features; may be physical or chemical in nature |
| coefficient | indicates the number of molecules |
| subscript | indicates the number of atoms |
| reactant | substances on the left side of a chemical equation that participate in the chemical reaction |
| product | substance on the right side of the chemical equation that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
| chemical equation | represents a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and mathematical symbols |
| aqueous | dissolved in water |
| activation energy | smallest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| limiting reactant | substance that is used up first during a chemical reaction |
| excess reactant | substance that is not completely used up during a chemical reaction |
| percent yield | actual/predicted X 100 |
| actual product | amount of product recovered at the end of a reaction |
| predicted (theoretical) product | amount of product expected based on a balanced equation |
| synthesis (addition) reaction | two or more substances combine to form one new substance |
| decomposition reaction | one substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances |
| single displacement reaction | a more "active" element replaces a lesser active element |
| double displacement reaction | two elements from two different compounds swap places with each other to form two new compounds |
| combustion reaction | a reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen, releasing large amounts of energy |
| polymer | large molecule composed of many smaller, repeating molecules (called monomers); Example - proteins (amino acids) |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound; contains both hydrogen and cargon atoms |
| exothermic reaction | occurs when less energy is required to break the bonds in reactants than is released from the formation of new bonds in the products |
| endothermic reaction | a reaction in which more energy is required to break the bonds in reactants than is released from the formation of new bonds in the products |
| catalyst | used to speed up a reaction; not permanently changed during the reaction |
| inhibitor | helps to prevent or slow down a reaction; "used" up during the reaction because it actually binds with one of the reactants |
| insoluble | doesn't dissolve in water |
