| A | B |
|---|
| Huang He | "River of Sorrows" |
| Mandate of Heaven | gods grant right to rule |
| Ideographs | symbols of words or ideas |
| Veneration of ancestors | asking ancestors' spirits to intercede with the gods |
| "Ancestor worship" | Western misnomer for veneration of ancestors |
| Anyang | capital of Shang Dynasty; walled city |
| Dynastic cycle | rise and fall of dynasties as explained by Mandate of Heaven |
| Calligraphy | using a brush and ink for writing |
| Loess | yellow soil found in Huang He river |
| Confucianism | focus on worldly goals and people accept place in society |
| Legalism | strict laws with harsh punishments |
| Daoism | focus on the way of the universe |
| Silk Road | trade route between China and Middle East; long, dangerous journey |
| Hanfeizi | Founder of Legalism |
| Laozi | Founder of Daoism |
| Confucius | Founder of Confucianism |
| Shihuangdi | Built Great Wall |
| Filial piety | Respect for elders |
| Monopoly | one party owns the sale and distribution of an item |
| Anesthesia | putting someone to sleep to perform surgery |
| Acupuncture | placing needles under the skin to release impurities and stress |
| Civil Service Exam | Determined who received positions in the government |
