| A | B |
|---|
| energy | The ability to do work |
| work | To exert a force over a distance to move an object |
| joules | Used to measure work and energy |
| mechanical | Matter that is in motion has this kind of energy |
| mechanical | Blood flowing or water in a waterfall is an example of this kind of energy |
| heat energy | The internal motion of atoms in matter |
| more | The faster particles move the _____heat energy is produced |
| friction | Heat energy usually results from ________ |
| phase changes | Heat energy causes _______ __________ |
| chemical | Energy required to bond atoms together |
| chemical energy | When bonds are broken this energy is released |
| electromagnetic energy | Energy that allows moving electric charges to have the ability to do work |
| electromagnetic | Each color of light represents a different amount of __________energy |
| electromagnetic | This type of energy is also carried by X-rays, radio waves, and laser light |
| Nuclear | The nucleus of an atom is the source of this type of energy |
| fission | Term for splitting the nucleus of an atom |
| fusion | Term for when nuclei collide and fuse |
| nuclear | This is the most concentrated form of energy |
| kinetic | The energy of motion |
| more | The faster an object moves the ____kinetic energy it has |
| mass and velocity | Kinetic energy depends on __________ |
| increase | An increase in either mass or velocity means a(n) ____________in kinetic energy |
| velocity | ________has a greater effect on K.E. because it is squared in the formula |
| potential | The energy of position |
| gravitational | Potential energy that is dependant on height |
| weight X height | Gravitational potential energy is equal to... |
| greater | The __________the weight the greater the gravitational potential energy |
| energy conversion | Changes in forms of energy |
| True | T or F All forms of energy can be converted to other forms |
| law of conservation of energy | States that energy can be neither created nor destroyed by ordinary means |
| without, without | Energy conversions occur ______a loss of energy and ________gain of energy |
| Einstein | Shows that if matter is destroyed, energy is created and if energy is destroyed, matter is created |
| power | The rate at which work is done |
| electricity | Allows objects to stick to one another without glue or tape |
| charge | Both protons and electrons have a basic property called _________ |
| magnitude | Term for size |
| attraction | This force exists between oppositely charged particles |
| repulsion | This force exists between particles of the same charge |
| electric field | An area over which an electric charge exerts a force |
| strongest | The electric field is the ___________ near the charged particle |
| increases, decreases | As the distance from the charged particle _________, the strength of the electric field ___________ |
| positive | If an atom loses an electron, it becomes _________ |
| negative | If an atom gains an electron, it becomes ___________ |
| ion | A charged atom |
| Law of Conservation of Charge | States that charge can only be transferred from one object to another |
| conduction | Involves the direct contact of objects do electrons can flow through one to the other |
| friction | Method of charging an objects by rubbing them together |
| insulator | Material that does not allow electric charges to flow freely |
| Induction | Method of charging in which electric charges are rearranged |
| static electricity | Transfer of electrons from one object to another without further movement |
| static electricity | The buildup of electric charges on an object |
| electric discharge | The loss of electricity as electric charges move off an object |
| lightning | One of the most dramatic examples of discharge of static electricity |
| thunder | Term for a rapid expansion of air |
| grounding | Lightning rods work according to a principal called ______________ |
| electroscope | Instrument used to detect an electrical charge |
| electroscope | A device consisting of a metal rod with two thin metal leaves at one end that can be used to detect charge |
| source of electricity | A device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energyis known as a ________________ |
| battery | A device that produces electricity by converting chemical energy into electrical energy |
| electric cells | Several of these make up a battery |
| electrodes | Each electric cell consists of two different materials called __________ |
| electrolyte | A mixture of chemicals that produces a chemical reaction |
| terminal | In a battery, the part of the electrode that sticks up |
| potential difference | The difference in charge as created by opposite posts of a battery |
| Thermocouple | A device that produces electrical energy from heat energy |
| photocell | A device that uses electrons emitted from a metal during the photoelectric effect to product current |
| photoelectric effect | When light with a certain amount of energy shines on a metal surface, electrons are emitted from the surface |
| circuit | A complete path between the terminals of a source |
| electric current | Charge can flow through a circuit and is called an _____________ |
| electric current | Rate at which charge passes a given point |
| I | The symbol for current |
| Ampere | Unit in which current is expressed |
| Ammeter | Used to measure current |
| Galvanometer | Used to measure current |
| voltage | Often used to describe potential difference |
| V | Symbol for voltage |
| voltmeter | An instrument that is used to measure voltage |
| EKG | This machine monitors the electrical output of your heart |
| defibrillator | Gets the heart going if it stops |
| Resistance | Opposition to the flow of electric charge |
| ohm | The unit of resistance |
| superconductor | Materials in which resistance is essentially zero at certain low temperatures |
| Ohm's law | States that I = V / R |
| Ohm's law | Current is equal to voltage divided by resistance |
| Amperes | Equal to the Volts divided by the Ohms |
| direct | Type of current in which the electrons always flow in the same direction |
| alternating | Type of current in which the electrons move back and forth |
| alternating | Type of current in your home |
| source of energy | A battery, thermocouple, photocell or electric generator are examples of this |
| load | The device that uses the energy |
| switch | This opens and closes a circuit |
| open | Electricity CANNOT flow through an ______circuit |
| series | Type of circuit in which all of the parts of the circuit are connected one after another |
| series | In this type of circuit, if there are any breaks in the circuit, the whole thing turns off |
| Parallel | Type of circuit in which different parts of an electric circuit are on separate branches |
| short circuit | Accidental connection that allows current to take a shorter path around a circuit |
| fuse | Term for an emergency switch |
| circuit breaker | Resuable devices that protect a circuit from being overloaded |
| power | Rate at which work is done or energy is used |
| electric power | A measure of the rate at which electricity does work or provides energy |
| Watts | Units in which electric power is measured |
| Power | Voltage x Current |
| Watts | Volts x Amperes |
| wattage | Tells you the power of the bulb, or the rate at which energy is being used |
| Kilowatt | Equal to 1000watts |
| Energy | Power x Time |
| Kilowatt-hours | Electric energy is measured in ______________ |
| 1000 watts | One kilowatt-hour is equal to ____________of power used for one hour of time |
| magnetism | A wire carrying current is a source of ___________ |
| Han Christian Oersted | Showed the relationship between electricity and magnetism |
| solenoid | A long coil of wire with many loops |
| electromagnet | A solenoid with a magnetic material such as iron inside |
| electric motor | Device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy |
| armature | Found in an electric motor and is attached to a shaft that is free to spin between the poles of a permenant magnet |
