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| Ranklin D. Roosevelt | 27th president of the United States. New Deal movements helped America recover after the Great Depression (relief, recovery, and reform). Led the US during WWII. ONe of the greatest Democrats the country ever had. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | America's most active First Lady to date. Commanded enormous popularity and influence during FDR's presidency. |
| Harry Hopkins | Leader of the Federal Emergency Relief Act. Granded $3 billion dollars to the states for direct dole payments or preferably for wages on work projects. |
| Frances Perkins | The first woman cabinet member, she served as secretary of labor under Roosevelt. |
| Father Coughlin | Catholic priest in Michigan who began broadcasting in 1930 and whose slogan was "Social Justice." He was anti-New Deal (believed FDR had not gone far enough), anti-Semitic, fascistic, and demagogic |
| Huey Long | Was the governor of Louisiana, "Kingfish", persuaded progressive policies and populist theories. Believed that FDR had not gone far enough with his New Deal (like Father Coughlin), and proposed the Share Our Wealth program. |
| Francis Townsend | Retired doctor who lost his funds, another militantly liberal advocate, developed new plan to have $200 paid to every senior citizen over the age of 60 each month. |
| Harold Ickes | Secretary of the Interior, lead the Public Works Administration intended for industrial recovery. |
| George W. Norris | Creator o the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1933. Most revolutionary of all the New Deal schemes because it placed the government in the position of being a utility supplier. |
| John L. Lewis | Became a miner and worked his way up to the presidency of the United Mineworkers of America. "You can't dig coal without baronets." |
| Alfred M. Landon | Governor of Kansas, chief claim to distinction was that he balanced the budget of his state in the era of unbalanced budgets. His slogan: "Deeds not deficits." |
| Boondoggling | To wast time or money on unnecessary and often counterproductive work. Critics of the New Deal programs used this term. |
| Parity | Equality as in amount, status, or value. |
| New Deal | The programs and policies to promote economic recovery and social reform introduced during the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
| Brain Trust | A group of experts who serve, usually unofficially, as advisers and policy planners, especially in a government. Such a group associated with the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the development of the New Deal. |
| Hundred Days | FDR called congress for a special session to cope with natural emergency during 100 days; members ground out a handful of remedies. |
| The Three R's | Relief, Recovery, and Reform. FDR's solution to the Great Depression. Short-range goals were relief and immediate recovery. Long-range goals were permanent recovery and reform of current abuses. |
| Glass-Steagall Act | The Glass-Steagall Act signed into law by President Roosevelt June 16 forbids banks to deal in stocks and bonds (J.P. Morgan will split off Morgan Stanley in 1935 to comply) and insures bank deposits. |
| Civilian Conservation Corps | Former federal agency of the United States, established in 1933 as part of the New Deal porgram of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The agency, commonly called the CCC, was created for the conservation of the country's natural resources and to provide employment for young men during the Great Depression. The CCC enrolled about 3 million unemployed and unmarried men between the ages of 17 and 23 to work on projects including reforestation, construction of fire-observation towers, laying of telephone lines, and development of state parks. Congress voted to abolish the Corps in June 1942. |
| Works Progress Administration | Intended to help unemployment and industrial recovery. |
| Schechter Case | The learned judges unanimously held that congress could not "delegate legislative powers" to the executive. They further declared that congressional control of interstate commerce could not properly apply to a local fowl business, like that of the Schechter brothers in Brooklyn and New York, hence the name Schechter case. |
| Public Works Administration | Authorized by the same act as teh NRA, and it was likewise intended both for industrial recovery and unemployment relief. Was headed by the secreaty of the interior, Harold Ickes. The primary purpose of this agency was to recover public works such as highways, public building, and parks over a long period of time. Over four billion was spent on some thirty-four thousand projects. |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | Was immediate relief in the form of many millions of dollars by the Hundred Days Congress to help the pathetic farmers manage their mortgages. |
| Securities and Exchange Commission | Authorized by congress to protect the public against fraud, deception, and inside manipulation. Was designed as a watchdog administrative agency. This made the stock markets operate more as trading marts than gambling casinos. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | This far-ranging enterprise was largely a result of the stubbornness and unflagging zeal of Senator George Norris. It was by far the most revolutionary of all the New Deal schemes. |
| Federal Housing Authority | Used to speed up recovery and better homes. Was to be stimulated by small loans to householders, both for improving their dwellings and for completing new ones. It proved to be so popular that it was one of the few "alphabetical agencies" to outlast the age of Roosevelt. |
| Social Security Act | One of the most complicated and far reaching laws to ever pass congress. Provided for federal and state unemployment insurance, assistance to the disabled and retirement benefits to people over the age of 65. |
| Wagner Act | Trailblazing law that created a powerful new National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes and reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice. |
| National Labor Relations Board | Reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice, created as a result of the National labor Relations, or Wagner, Act of 1935, proved to be one of the real milestones on the rocky road of the U.S. labor movement. |
| Committee for Industrial Organization | Fromed in 1935 by John L. Lewis within the ranks of the skilled-craft American Federation of Labor, transformed itself into the fully imdependent Congress of Industrial Organization, by 1940 the CIO could claim about 4 million members in its constituent unions. |
| Liberty League | Formed in 1934 by a group of wealthy Republicans and conserative Democrats, formed to fight "socialistic" New Deal schemes and vented their reactionary spleen against "that man" Roosevelt, hurt their own cause by becoming a made-to-order target for FDR |
| Roosevelt Coalition | Powerful and enduring coalition of the South, the blacks, the urbanites, and the poor, helped him to gain votes in the election of 1936 as well as enduring support, accomplished because he appealed to the "forgotten man" |
| 20th Amendment | Ratified in 1933, swept away the post-election lame duck session of Congress and shortened by six weeks that awkward period before inauguration. |
| 21st Amendment | Officially repealed prohibition and the Eighteenth Amendment, the saloon returned. |
| Cout packing scheme | Roosevelt tampers with the Supreme Court, Justice Roberts becomes more liberal and his votes favor the New Deal which shift the Supreme Court toward the New Deal, other justices retired or died and Roosevelt appointed more liberal justices, however this plan lost him some popularity and also hurt him in Congress which was now less willing to pass New Deal legislation. |
