| A | B |
|---|
| Exocrine Gland | Gland that secretes to a surface or outward through a duct |
| Endocrine Gland | Ductless gland that secretes a hormone internally, usually into the circulation. |
| Integument | natural covering,skin structure |
| Keratin | A waterproofing protein found in skin, hair, nails, and horns |
| Epidermis | Outer portion of the skin formed of epithelial tissue that rests on or covers the dermis |
| Dermis | Dense, irregular connective tissue that forms the deep layer of the skin. |
| Hypodermis | Loose areolar connective tissue found deep to the dermis that connects the skin to muscle or bone |
| Melanin | yellow, gold, lt brown, black pigment. A group of related molecules responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. |
| Carotene | yellow orange pigment, in vegtables & fruit (lipid soluable) goes into the body fat |
| Hemoglobin | Red pigment, pinish or reddish hue, activated by the sun, respiratory protein of erythrocytes; consists of 6% heme and 94% globin; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Hemopoiesis | [blood,making] Formation of the formed elements of blood, that is, red blood cells, white blood cells, and thrombocytes |
| Mesenchymal Cell | irregularly shaped embryonic cells |
| Osteoprogenitor Cell | precursor cells of chondroblasts and osteoblasts |
| Osteocyte | maintain bone, Mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix |
| Osteoblast | Bone-forming cell |
| Osteoclast | bone destruction, Large multinucleated cell that absorbs bone |
| Yellow Marrow | Fat storage tissue in certain bone cavities |
| Red Marrow | site of blood cell production |
| Compact Bone | Hard bone consisting of Haversian systems cemented together. |
| Spongy Bone | [cancellous bone]: Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces |
| Ossification | Bone formation |
| Intramembranous Ossification | Formation of bone from ossification of layers of connective tissue. |
| Endochondral Ossification | Formation of bone through calcification of hyaline cartilage. |
| Articulation | A joint |
| Synarthroses | immovable joint, A joint with little or no movement. |
| Amphiathroses | A slightly movable joint |
| Diarthroses | A freely movable joint |
| Synovial Joint | ajoint (synovial) cavity is present between bones. A joint containing synovia [a substance that serves as a lubricant in a joint, tendon sheath, or bursa]. |
| Tendon | Band or cord of dense connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone or other structure. |
| Muscle Fiber | Muscle cell |
| Muscle Faciculus | bundle of muscle fibers and endomysin |
| Myofibril | contractile unit, A bundle of myofilaments forming an internal subdivision of a cardiac or skeletal muscle cell. |
| Sarcomere | Functional unit of contraction, Part of a myofibril,thin filaments attach to Z disks & thick filaments wedge between thin. |
| Thick Filament | wedges inbetween thin (myosin) |
| Thin Filament | Actin, Troomyosin, Troponin, thin filament attaches to Z-disk |
| Actin | binding site for Myosin heads, (twisted pearls) The contractile protein that makes up thin myofilaments in muscle fiber. |
| Myosin | Molecular motors, Interact with actin filaments: Utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical forceForce generation: Associated with movement of myosin heads to tilt toward each other |
| Innervation | nerve suppl to a muscle or gland. |
| Motor Neuron | nerve cell which innervates muscle or glands. |
| Motor Unit | a single motor neuron plus all the muscle cells it innervates. |
| Neuromuscular Junction | functional connection between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle cells. |
| Neurotransmitters | Any specific chemical agent released by a presynaptic cell on excitation that crosses the synaptic cleft and stimulates or inhibits the postsynaptic cell. |
| Muscle Twitch | Contraction of a whole muscle in response to a stimulus that causes an action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| Tetanus | a smooth sustained contraction responding to multiple stimuli,(lockjaw) an anaerobe commonly found in ruminants and manure. Causes severe tonic muscle spasms. |
| Recruitment | to join together, enforcement, strengthen |
| Muscle Tone | Relatively constant tension produced by a muscle for long periods as a result of asynchronous contraction of motor units |
| Myoglobin | A red oxygen-storage pigment of muscle; supplements hemoglobin in providing oxygen for aerobic muscle metabolism. |
| Phosphocreatine - creatine phospate | provides the phosphate to rebuild more ATP |
| Aerobic | aerobic respiration: Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and approximately 38 ATPs; includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain |
| Anaerobic | anaerobic respiration: Breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid and two ATPs; consists of glycolysis and the reduction of pyruvic acid to lactic acid |
| Neuron | Morphologic and functional unit of the nervous system, consisting of the nerve cell body, the dendrites, and the axon. Which have the properties of excitability and conductivity |
| Neuroglia | Cells which do not conduct nerve impulses but serve as supportive, binding, protective, and nutritive cells. Cells in the nervous system other than the neurons; includes astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, satellite cells, and Schwann cells. |
| Sensory | Afferent division of the peripheral nervous system |
| Motor | Efferent division of the peripheal nervous system |
| Integrative Function | from one to another, as in sensory and motor neaurons in the CNS |
| Somatic | [bodily] Relating to the body, the cells of the body except the reproductive cells. |
| Visceral | Pertaining to the contents of a body cavity |
| Soma | (cell body) The nucleus containing central part of a neuron. |
| Axon | Main central process of a neuron that normally conducts action potentials away from the neuron cell body. |
| Dendrite | A process of a neuron that receives information from other cells or from environmental stimuli and conducts signals to the soma. |
| Nerve Fiber | The axon of a single neuron. |
| Nerve Tract | Bundles of parallel axons with their associated sheaths in the central nervous system. |
| Ganglion | [swelling, or knot] Any group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system |
| Multipolar Neuron | One of three categories of neurons consisting of a neuron cell body, an axon, and two or more dendrites |
| Bipolar Neuron | One of the three categories of neurons consisting of a neuron with two processesóone dendrite and one axonóarising from opposite poles of the cell body. |
| Unipolar Neuron | One of the three categories of neurons consisting of a nerve cell body with a single axon projecting from it, also called a pseudounipolar neuron. |
| Afferent Neurons | sensory neuron, A neuron that carries an impulse toward the central nervous system. |
| Efferent Neuron | motor neurons, carries an impluse away from the central nervous system |
| Association Neuron | A nerve cell lying completely within the central nervous system that carries impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons. Also called an interneuron or connecting neuron |
| Myelinated Fiber | nerve fiber, makes up myelinated sheath |
