| A | B |
|---|
| communicable disease | an illness that can spread and is caused by a pathogen |
| pathogen | an agent that causes diseases |
| bacteria | can be helpful or harmful; can cause ear infections, sinus infections, bacterial pneumonia, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and strep throat |
| viruses | smaller that bacteria; can't reproduce on own; can cause colds, measles, mumps, chicken pox, influenza, and viral pneumonia |
| fungi | can be helpful or harmful; can cause skin problems such as athlete's foot |
| protists | can be helpful or harmful; can cause malaria |
| antibody | a substance made by certain white blood cells that attaches to a pathogen and makes it harmless |
| immunity | the body's resistance to a disease through the presence of antibodies |
| vaccine | dose of weakened or killed pathgens of one kind to help give immunity to the disease caused by that pathogen |
| antibiotic | a medicine that kills bacteria |
| allergy | a harmful reaction to certain substances |
| noncommunicable disease | an illness that cannot spread and is not caused by a pathogen. The three main causes are heredity, surroundings, and behavior |
| asthma | an allergy that affects the respiratory system and may result in breathing difficulty and wheezing |
| emphysema | a disease of the lungs in which air sacs are damaged |
| cardiovascular disease | a disease of the heart or blood vessels |
| atherosclerosis | a disease in which fatty substances build up on the inside walls of arteries |
| cancer | the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells |
| dependence | the need for a drug, which may be a mental need, a physical need, or both |
| drug abuse | the intentional use of drugs for reasons other than health |
| bacteria and viruses | pathogens that cause communicable diseases |
| Communicable diseases spread by | sneezes, coughs, animal bites, contaminated food and water |
| 1st line of defense | skin, mucus, stomach's digestive juice, tears, saliva |
| 2nd line of defense | white blood cells |
| 3rd line of defense | antibodies |
| Athlete's foot | disease caused by fungi |
| carrier | animals that carry the pathogens that cause communicable diseases |
| colds | communicable disease that has symptoms including runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, and cough |
| germs | pathogens |
| influenza | disease caused by a virus |
| Causes noncommunicable diseases | heredity, surroundings, behavior |
| Louis Pasteur | showed that vaccinations could prevent the spread of harmful microorganisms |
| malaria | communicable disease spread by mosquito bites, it is a protist |
| Pasteurization | a process to treat cow's milk with heat to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria |
| ticks | can be carriers of the bacterium that causes Lyme disease |
| white blood cells | travel to parts of the body that have been invaded by pathogens and surround and destroy the pathogens |
| can harm health and cause disease | alcohol and tobacco |
| Prevent communicable diseases by | taking vaccines, covering sneezes and coughs, and washing hands |
| treat communicable diseases by | taking medicine, resting, and drinking fluids |
| to prevent injury | wear safety belt, exercise safely, obey traffic signs |
| causes and prevention of allergies | inherited; triggered by specific substances-avoid specific substances or use medicines |
| causes and prevention of emphysema | may be inherited; smoking is main cause-Don't smoke |
| causes and prevention of atherosclerosis | may be inherited; smoking, high-fat diet, and inactivity increase risk-Don't smoke, eat low fat diet, exercise regularly |
| causes and prevention of cancer | heredity and surroundings may cause, certain behaviors increase the risk-protect skin from sun, don't smoke, don't use tobacco, eat a low-fat diet |
| Fats, Oils, Sweets | Eat very little of these foods |
| Milk, Yogurt, Cheese | Eat 2-3 servings each day-this group provides calcium |
| Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, Nuts | Eat 2-3 servings a day-this group provides vitamins and proteins |
| Vegetable | Eat 3-5 servings a day-this group provides carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals |
| Fruits | Eat 2-4 servings a day-this group provides carbohydrates and vitamins |
| Bread, cereal, rice, pasta | Eat 6-11 servings a day-this group provides carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals |
