| A | B |
|---|
| Lord de la Warr | Governr of the relief party that turned the Jamestown settlers back around. Introduced "Irish tactics" against the Indians. |
| Pocahantas | Powhatan's daughter. Saved John Smith and married John Rolfe. |
| Powhatan Handsome Lake | Indian chieftain, involved in the Anglo-Powhatan Wars. |
| John Rolfe | Pocahontas' husband (their marriage ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War). Perfected methods of growing pungent weed that eliminated the bitterness. |
| Lord Baltimore | Founded Maryland, the fourth English colony. Set up a predominately Catholic community by giving huge estates to Catholic family members. |
| Walter Raleigh | After Gilbert died, Raleigh tried to colonize again, organizing a group of settlers on Roanoke Island off the coast of Virginia in North Carolina. |
| James Oglethorpe | Interested in prison reform; saved "the Charity Colony" through leadership and mortgaging. Involved in founding Georgia, a colony that protected debtors. |
| Humphrey Gilbert | When attempting to colonize the coast of Newfoundland, Gilbert died at sea in 1583. His half brother Raleigh finished the job. |
| Oliver Cromwell | Parliament dismissed Charles I and appointed Cromwell. Very Puritanstic, Cromwell ruled England for almost a decade until Charles II was restored to the throne. |
| John Smith | A young adventurer who was saved by Pocahontas. |
| nation-state | Roughly equivalent to a country of today. |
| joint stock company | The forerunner to a modern corporation, this company allowed investors, called "adventurers", to pool their capital. |
| slavery | The practice of making others work for free; in early American history, plantation owners used black people from Africa to farm for them. |
| enclosure | So sheep could graze, landlords closed off their land, which forced many small farmers off. |
| House of Burgesses | The assembly summoned by The London Company that ruled over the settlers. |
| Royal Charter | A colony formed with a direct connection back to England. |
| slave codes | Defined the slaves' legal status and the masters' prerogatives. In 1661, the Barbados slave code gave masters complete control. |
| proprietor | Person given the right to found a colony and also given the power to rule that colony. |
| longhouse | 25 by 200-800 feet, each building of this structure had three to five fireplaces for two nuclear families. Everyone in the longhouse was related, and the oldest woman was the honored matriarch. |
| squatter | Farmers who didn't own land, but grew their crops on small farms without slaves. |
| primogeniture | Laws that decreed that only the eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates. |
| indentured servitude | For passge to America, these servants worked for a certain number of years to pay off their debts, and all the time they worked they racked up more ebts. |
| Anglo-Powhatan Wars | Wars between the Indians and the English, with the Indians fighting back against the English because they wanted to keep their land. The first was in 1614, the second in 1644. |
| Act of Toleration | Passed in 1649 by the Catholics of Maryland, it granted religious toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty to those who denied the divinity of Jesus. |
| Virginia Company | A joint-stock company which recieved a charter from King James I for a settlement in the New World. The charter guaranteed the settlers the same right of Englishmen that they had at home. |
| Savannah Indians | Allied with the Carolinians until 1707, when they migrated to Maryland and Pennsylvania to William Penn's Quaker colony. Raided by the Carolinians before they could depart. |
| Iroquois Confederacy | The joining of five nations, who celebrated together and had common enemies, but stayed independent. |
