| A | B |
|---|
| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the US Constitution |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | established a federal district court for each state |
| cabinet | advisors to the president |
| Alexander Hamilton | secretary of the Treasury under George Washington |
| capitalism | economic system in which private businesses run most industries and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid |
| Bank of the United States | National Bank consisting of a central bank with branches in major U.S. cities. |
| strict construction | a philosophy that focuses on a narrow interpretation of the constitution. |
| loose construction | the philosophy that supports the idea that the government can do anything the Constitution does not specifically forbid |
| Whiskey Rebellion | a rebellion in Western PA in response to the tax on Whiskey |
| Little Turtle | Miami chief Michikinikwa who led his troops against U.S. forces in 1791 |
| Anthony Wayne | organized forces against Little Turtle |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | occured near present day Toledo between Wayne's army and Little Turtle. |
| Treaty fo Greenville | gave the United States title to American Indian lands making up much of present day Ohio and part of Indiana |
| French Revolution | uprising in France against oppresion from nobility |
| impressment | the practice of kidnapping American sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy |
| John Jay | Chief Justice sent to Britain in 1794 to negotiate a settlement. |
| Jay's Treaty | as a result, the British agreed to abandon their northwestern forts. |
| Pinckney's Treaty | recognized the southern boundary of the United States with Spanish Florida as the 31st parallel |
| right of deposit | the right to temporarily unload goods at New Orleans without paying a duty to Spain. |
| sectionalism | loyalty to a particular part of the country |
| Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord | France's foreign minister, who sent three agents to present France's demands to U.S. diplomats. |
| XYZ Affair | Talleyrand's demand that the United States apoligize publicly for anti-French remarks made by President Adams, grant France a multimillion-dollar loan, and pay him a bribe of $250,000 |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | a series of laws intended to protect the nation and to weaken the Republicans |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional |
| Aaron Burr | a U.S. senator from New York against Federalists John Adams and Charles Pinckney for the presidency |
| Twelfth Amendment | requires electors to vote for presidential and vice presidential candidates on separate ballots |
| John Marshall | from Virginia, selected by Adams as chief Justice of the United States. |
| judicial review | the power of the courts to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional |
| Marbury v. Madison | the case where the Court first exercised judicial review |
| Louisiana Purchase | the largest land deal in history. |
| Toussaint-Louverature | led revolt of African slaves on present day Haiti |
| Lewis and Clark | explored Louisiana Territory |
| Sacagawea | showed members of the Lewis and Clark expedition best places to fish, hunt and find wild vegetables, also served as interpreter |
| Zebulon Pike | visited the upper Mississippi Valley in 1805 |
| Orders in Council | passed by Britain, forbade neutral vessels from trading with France or entering ports under French control. |
| Embargo Act | stopped shipments of food and other American products to all foreign ports |
| Non-Intercourse Act | prohibited U.S. trade with Britain and France |
| Tecumseh | Shawnee leader who believed the best hope for American Indians' survival was a military alliance among Indian nations. |
| William Henry Harrison | marshaled troops for an attack along the Tippecanoe River in Indiana Territory. |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | ended in defeat for the Indians |
| Battle of the Thames | British and their American Indian allies were defeated by General Harrison. Broke British hold on the Northwest Territory. |
| Dolley Madison | first lady, wife of James Maidson. |
| Andrew Jackson | defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans |
| Battle of New Orleans | the most decisive U.S. victory in the war. |
| Treaty of Ghent | officially ended the war and restored all conquered territory. |
| Hartford Convention | held in Hartford, Connecticut, to discuss negotiating a separate peace with Britain. |
