| A | B |
|---|
| agglutination | clumping of recipeint's blood cells when incompatible bloods are mixed |
| albumin | protein found in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood |
| serum albumin | same as albumin; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood |
| antibodies | protein substances whose formation by lymphocytes is stimulated by the presence of antigens in the body |
| basophil | white blood cell with large, dark, basic-staining granules |
| bilirubin | dark green pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed; concentrated in bile by the liver |
| coagulation | process of blood clotting |
| colony-stimulating factors | proteins that stimulate the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes) |
| corpuscle | "little body" refers to a blood cell |
| differentiation | change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization |
| electrophoresis | method of separating substances (such as proteins) by electric charge |
| eosinophil | white blood cells with dense, reddish, granules; associated with allergic reactions |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| erythropoietin | hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs |
| fibrin | protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot |
| fibrinogen | plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting cascasde |
| formed elements | the cellular elements of blood |
| globin | the protein part of hemoglobin |
| granulocytes | white blood cells with granules |
| heme | iron-containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule |
| heparin | an anticoagulant produced by liver cells |
| immune reaction | process by which an antibody neutralizes or inactivates an antigen |
| immunoglobulin | a protein (globulin) with antibody activity; IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD |
| immun/o | protection |
| leukcycte | white blood cell |
| lymphocyte | white blood cell (agranulocyte) that produces antibodies |
| macrophages | monocytes that have migrated from the blood to tissue spaces and engulf foreign material in body tissues |
| megakarycyte | platelet precursor formed in the bone marrow |
| monocyte | a phagocytic WBC formed in bone marrow; becomes a macrophage |
| myeloid | derived from bone marrow cells |
| neutrophil | WBC formed in bone marrow; phagocytic with neutral-staining granules; also called polymorphoneuclear leukocyte |
| poly | neutophil |
| plasma | liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, minerals, hormones, and vitamins |
| plasmapheresis | process of using a centrifuge to separate or remove the formed elements from blood plasma |
| -apheresis | to separate or remove; removal, carry away |
| platelet | smallest formed element in the blood; a thrombocyte |
| prothrombin | plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting cascade |
| reticulocyte | developing RBC with a network of granules in its cytoplasm |
| Rh factor | an antigen normally found on RBCs of Rh-positive individuals |
| serum | plasma without the clotting proteins and cells |
| stem cell | a cell in bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells |
| thrombin | enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation |
| thrombocyte | platelet |
| thromboplastin | a clotting factor that with calcium, promotes the formation of the fibrin clot |
| agglutin/o | clumping, sticking together |
| bas/o | base (alkaline) opposite of acid |
| -phil | abnormal attraction to |
| chrom/o | color |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| cyt/o | cell |
| eosin/o | red, dawn, rosy |
| erythr/o | red |
| -penia | deficiency |
| granul/o | granules |
| hem/o | blood |
| -lysis | destruction |
| hemat/o | blood |
| -crit | to separate |
| hemoglobi/o | hemoglobin |
| is/o | same, equal |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| leuk/o | white |
| mon/o | one, single |
| morph/o | shape, form |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| -blast | immature cell |
| anis/o | unequal |
| -cytosis | slight increase in numbers of cells |
| neutr/o | neutral; neither acid or base |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| poikil/o | varied, irregular |
| sider/o | iron |
| spher/o | globe, round |
| thromb/o | clot |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -globin | protein |
| globulin | protein |
| -lytic | pertaining to destruction |
| -oid | resembling, derived from |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -phage | eat, swallow |
| -philia | attraction for (abnormal) |
| -phoresis | carrying, transmission |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -stasis | stop, control |
| anemia | deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin |
| aplastic anemia | failure of blood cell production d/t aplasia of bone marrow cells |
| aplasia | absence of development or formation |
| hemolytic anemia | reduction in red blood cells d/t excessive destruction |
| pernicious anemia | lack of mature erythrocytes owing to inability to absorb vitamin B12 |
| sickle cell anemia | a hereditary conditon characterized by abnormal shape of RBCs and by hemolysis |
| thalassemia | an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglo9bin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean backgroud |
| thalassa | sea; Greek word |
| Cooley's anemia | most severe form of thalassemia |
| hemochromatosis | excessive deposits of iron throughout the body |
| polycythemia vera | general increase in RBCs |
| hemophila | excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII necessary for blood clotting |
| purpura | multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and acculumulation of blood under the skin |
| purpura | purple |
| thrombocytopenic purpura | bleeding caused by a fall in the number of platelets |
| leukemia | an increase in cancerous WBCs |
| acute forms of leukemia | large numbers of immature WBCs |
| chronic forms of leukemia | large numbers of mature WBCs |
| acute myelogenous leukemia | AML - immature granulocytes predominate |
| acute lymphocytic leukemia | ALL- immature lymphocytes predominate; sudden onset seen most often in children and adolescents |
| chronic myelogenous leukemia | CML- both mature and immature granulocytes are present |
| chronic lymphocytic leukemia | CLL- abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes; usually seen in the elderly |
| remission | disappearance of signs of disease |
| relapse | signs of disease reappear |
| granulocytosis | abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood |
| mononucleosis | an infectious disease evidenced by increased numbers of lymphocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes |
| multiple myeloma | malignant tumor of bone marrow |
| Bence Jones protein | an immunoglobulin fragment found in urine |
| palliative | relieving, not curing |
| antiglobulin test (Coombs test) | demonstrates whether the patient's RBCs are coated with antibody; useful in determining the presence of antibodies in infants of Rh- women or patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| bleeding time | the time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding; normal is 8 minutes or less |
| complete blood count | includes the following studies: red blood cell count, white blood cell count (with differential), platelet count, hemoglobin test, hematocrit, and red cell indices: MCH, MCV, MCHC |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| coagulation time | time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube; normal time is less than 15 minutes |
| sed rate or ESR | speed at which RBCs settle out of plasma |
| erythrocyte sedimentaion rate | speed at which RBCs settle out of plasma |
| hematocrit (crit) | precentage of RBCs in a volume of blood |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| hemoglobin test | total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood |
| Hb, Hgb | hemoglobin test |
| partial thromboplastin time | measures the presence of factors that act at early points in the coagulation pathway |
| platelet count | number of platelets per cubic millimeter; normally between 200,000 and 400,000 per cu mm |
| RBC | number of RBCs per cubic millimeter of blood; normally 4 - 6 million per cu mm |
| red blood cell morphology | a stained blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form of individual RBCs |
| WBC | the number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter; normally between 5000 and 10,000 per cu mm |
| white blood cell differential | the numbers of different types of WBCs - immature and mature forms - in a minimum of 100 cells counted and percentages of the different types is given |
| left shift | a condition in which there is an increase in immature neutrophils and a decrease in mature forms in the blood |
| apheresis | separation of blood into its parts to remove toxic substances or to harvest blood cells |
| blood transfusion | whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a closely matched recipent |
| bone marrow biopsy | bone marrow cells from a donor are infused into a patient with leukemia or aplastic anemia |
| graft versus host disease | immune reaction of the donor's cells to the recipient's |
| ABO | the three main blood types |
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia |
| baso | basophils |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| diff. | differential count of WBCs |
| EBV | Epstien-Barr virus |
| eos | eosinophils |
| Epo | erythropoietin |
| ESR | erthrocyte sedimentation rate |
| G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| GVHD | graft versus host disease |
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen |
| IgA, IgD, IgE, IgC, IgM | immunoglobulins |
| lymphs | lymphocytes |
| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin; average amount of hemoglobin per cell |
| MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; average concentration of hemoglobin in a single RBC |
| MCV | mean corpuscular volume; average volume or size of a single RBC |
| mono | monocyte |
| poly, PMN, PMNL | polymorphoneuclear leukocyte |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTT | partial prothromboplastin time |
| RBC | red blood cell or red blood cell count |
| segs | segmented, mature WBCs |
| SMAC | sequential multiple analyzer computer; an automated chemistry sytstem that determines substances in serum |
| WBC | white blood cells |
