| A | B |
|---|
| erosion | The wearing away or breaking down of something. |
| atmosphere | The air that surrounds the Earth. |
| crust | The layer of earth that we live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. |
| earthquake | the breaking and cracking of the rocks inside the continental plates. The breaks happen after stress has built up in the surrounding area. These things usually do not happen when the plates move slowly. When there is a fast movement of the plate, there is a snap (like breaking a cracker). |
| volcano | These are landforms that come from magma that somehow reaches the earth's crust. |
| shield volcano | Usually found in the middle of tectonic plates, islands like Hawai'i are good examples of this type of volcano. There's a hole in the middle of the plate and magma moves out and piles on top of itself, slowly building a mountain of rock. |
| plate techtonics | This theory says that the earth is made up of 7 large pieces of ground called plates. These plates move around, creating earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains. |
| eruption | The process of magma breaking through a surface or bursting forth from a volcano. |
| topography | The shape, height, and depth of a place. |
| plate boundary | The area where two techtonic plates touch is called the ______________________________________. They are named convergent, divergent, and transform. |
| strato volcano | The most common type of volcano, these tall cone-shaped volcanoes are made up of thicker lava that plugs the craters. They often have explosive eruptions and a large number of avalanches, mudflows, and landslides. |
| caldera | A depression caused when a volcano empties its magma and that land above it collapses. It is the most explosive type of volcano because it collapses on itself. |
| basalt | A common type of rock that forms a high-temperature, low-silica lava that flows quite rapidly. |
| seamount | An undersea volcano that forms over a hot spot or a mid-ocean ridge. |
| lahar | A massive mudflow caused by volcanic ash mixing with water and snow. |
| pyroclastic flow | Ashes and mud that are so hot they give off light) rush down the mountainside at race-car speeds. |
| hypocenter | The area inside of the earth where the earthquake fault starts. |
| epicenter | The area on the crust of the earth that is right above the hypocenter of an earthquake. |
| magnitude | The size of the earthquake. |
| Richter scale | The scale we use to measure earthquakes. |
| aftershock | An earth movement after an original (usually large) earthquake. |
| tsunami | A large ocean wave caused by an earthquake, landslide, or meteor impact. |
| glacier | A moving river of ice. |
