| A | B |
|---|
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter used to classify human blood by antigens |
| active transport | movement of a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP |
| cell surface marker | membrane protein of a cell that distinguishes it from other cells and foreign matter |
| cell surface protein | protein within a cell's plasma membrane |
| channel | cell surface proteins that loop back and forth through membrane bilayer |
| chemically gated | description of a channel that opens and closes due to the binding of a chemical |
| chemiosmosis | process by which cells pump protons across a plasma membrane and use the resulting proton gradient to produce ATP |
| coupled channel | form of channel that carries into the cell sodium ions that accumulate outside the cell, as with nerve cells |
| diffusion | movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| endocytosis | process by which extracellular matter is taken up by a cell |
| equilibrium | state in a chemical reaction when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal |
| exocytosis | releasing materials outside a cell by discharge from waste vacuoles |
| facilitated diffusion | transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier molecules |
| gated channel | a channel that opens and closes like a gate |
| hormone | chemical producedin one part of an organism and then transported to another part of the organism, where it causes a response |
| hypertonic | describes a solution with a higher concentration of solute molecules than the solution across a selectively permeable membrane |
| hypotonic | describes a solution with a lower concentration of solute molecules than the solution across a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | describes solutions with equal solute concentrations on either side of a selesctively permeable membrane |
| lipid bilayer | basic structure of a plasma membrane; composed of two layers of phospholipids |
| neurotransmitter | chemical messenger in sacs at the end of axon that carries nerve impulses across a synapse |
| osmosis | movement of water through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmotic pressure | increased water pressure that results from osmosis |
| passive transport | movement of a substance through a cell membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy |
| phagocytosis | process by which cellular or fragmentary organic matter is engulfed by a cell |
| phospholipid | organic molecule in the plasma membrane of a cell |
| pinocytosis | uptake of extracellular fluid by a cell using small vesicles derived from the plasma membrane |
| proton pumps | mechanism that causes the movement of protons across a plasma membrane resulting in a build up of protons that can be used to do cellular work, such as the production of ATP by chemiosmosis |
| receptor | "information receiver"; protein that is embedded within the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane |
| receptor protein | special protein on the cell's surface that matches particular molecules in the cell's surroundings, causing the cell to respond in a particular way |
| selectively permeable | condition in which the plasma membrane allows passage of some materials but not others |
| sodium-potassium pump | membrane channel through which sodium ions are exchanged with potassium ions, creating an abundance of sodium ions outside the cell wall |
| solute | component of a solution in the lesser amount |
| solution | homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
| solvent | component of a solution in the greater amount |
| voltage-gated | characteristic of gated channels that are activated by electric signals from nerve cells |
