| A | B |
|---|
| statistics | The science of collecting, classifying, presenting data. |
| population | Complete and entire collection of elements to be studied. |
| census | A collection of data from every element in a population. |
| sample | A subset of elements from the population. |
| data | Numbers or information describing some characteristic. |
| parameter | A numerical measurement calculated from a population. |
| statistic | A numerical measurement calculated from a sample. |
| quantitative data | Data consisting of numbers representing counts of measurements. |
| qualitative data | Classifying data into categories by some nonnumeric name. |
| discrete data | Data from a finite or infinitely countable number of values. |
| continuous data | Data from an endless source without gaps or interruptions. |
| nominal level | Data that consist of names, labels, or categories only. |
| ordinal level | Ranking or arranging units in some order. |
| interval level | Data with meaningful differences but no definite beginning. |
| ratio level | Data with an inherent zero starting point. |
| experiment | Application of some treatment followed by observation. |
| confounding | The effect from varaibles that can't be distinguished from each other. |
| random sample | Each element has an equal chance of being chosen. |
| systematic sampling | The selection of every kth elelment. |
| convenience sampling | Data that is readily available. |
| stratified sampling | A random sample from each class or stratum. |
| cluster sampling | Taking a census of a random selection of sections. |
| sampling error | Errors which occur during processing from chance fluctuations. |
| nonsampling error | Errors from external factors: faulty equipment, human error, etc. |
