| A | B |
|---|
| independent variable | a factor not dependent on any other quanitity in respect of value or rate of fluctuation |
| political culture | the beliefs, myths, ideas, values,and collective memories that motivate a people |
| political socialization | the ways inwhich political culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through the family, schools, peer groups, and friends, church, law and the courts |
| coalition building | groups, factions, parties or governments coming toghether in common cause against other groups factions, parties or governments |
| tyranny | rule by one in his or her own interests; the worst form of government possible, according to aristotle |
| praetorian state | nations where the army frequently intervenes in politics and has the potential to dominate; until recently, common in latin america and sub saharan africa, also found, to a lesser extent in the middle east |
| totalitarianism | a form of government characterized by the toal concentration of power, often in the hands of one individual, (hitler) the propagation of an official ideology which all members of society must embrace, and the use of state terror carried out by the secret police with purpose of motivating and intimidating the population |
| authoritarianism | a form of government characterized by a concetnation of political power in the hands of one or a few, arbitrary action by the rulers, limited and unprotected civil liberties, and often a heavy reliance on internal security forces to maintain order |
| dependency theory | according to this view, the poor developing countries remain dependent on the rich, developed countries long after colonialism has officially ended because the rich nations fear competition from the poor nations with abundant labor and low wages, have a vested interest in importing cheap raw materials while exporting expensive manufactured goods |
| modernization theory | for poor developing countries to get rich, they must industrialize |
| enlightenment | a philosophic movement of the eighteenth century, characterized by a lively questioning of authority, prolific theorizing in the realm of politics, emphasis on critical thought and inquiry, scepticism(expressed a demand for empirical evidence), and the scientific method |
| liberalism | a philosophy with origins in the late eithteenth and nineteenth centuries which represented a middle way between the extreme egalitarianism of the jacobins and the inherited wealth, power, and privelidge of the old aristocratic order |
| communism | an extreme form of socialism that advocates violent revolution, most closely associated with the writings and teachings of Lenin, Stalin, and Mao, among others; also associated with the totalitarian form of gov. that existed in the soviet union, and its allies, and still exists in china, cuba and a few other countries |
| facism | an extreme right wing ideology that first appeared in italy but soon caught on in germany and other european countries between world war I and world war II, any extremely nationalistic ideology which glorifies war, seeks to crush its domestic opponents, uses hate campaigns to stir up the masses, and regards terrorism as an appropriate means to its totalitarian ends |
| unitary system | a centralized democratic republic; the opposite of a federal system (england, old italy) |
| FPTP electoral system | basis of the electoral system long used in Great Britain and in the US, in which each party in a single member district fields one candidate, whoever gets the most votes( a plurality) winss, this method of election leads to a two party system, in contrast with the proportional system used in many countries |
| fusion of powers | in a british style democracy, the practice of creating the executive (prime minister and cabinet) from the legislature(parliament), thus melding the legislative and executive powers rather than seperating them |
| cohabitation | in France, a govenrment based on a divided dual executive ( a president and a prime minister who belong to opposing parties) |
| lander | the main territorial administrative subdivisions in the Federal Republic of Germany, equivalent to the states in the US |
| maastricht treaty | an agreement by the european union members in 1991 to create a european monetary union (EMU) |
| democratic centralism | a key leninist principle governning the organization an doperation of the communist party; in theory, everything would be discussed before anything was decided, but when an order was issued or a decision made, all party members were expected to obey without hesitation and to ask no questions |
| politburo | in the soviet union this comprise about a dozen of the most powerful bosses and was the supreme decison making body in the soviet system. In china, the politburo is an elite policy making body comprising about twenty top party leaders; unlike its former soviet counterpart, the chinese politburo is not the most powerful decision making body in china |
| interlocking directorate | fgsfdg |
| nomenklatura | system in which lists of positions controlled by the party were drawn up. Party approval was requierd befoe an incumbant in any position could be removed or replaced. ( in soviet union)created deeply entrenched local and regional party elites and |
| ethnic cleansing | the genocidal policy of removing an unwelcome ethnic group from territory desired by another ethnic group through whatever means possible, including mass murder, torture, terror, and forcible expulsion; there is much evidence that bosnian serbs engaged in ethnic cleansing against bosnian muslims |
| Zionism | a jewish national movement calling for the creation of a jewish homeland, inspired the founding of Isreal after the nightmare of the holocaust in world war II |
| pan arabism | a vague ideology characterized by the desire for arab unity |
| PLO | a militant political party representing displaced palestinians and long led by yasir arafat; the plo is commited to the creation of a palestinian homeland |
| intafada | fgfdsg |
| baath socialist party | formerly the ruling party in Iraq, dominated by the sunni muslims and the military, characterized by force not law, intrigue and murder were rampant, expressed socialist principles with an arab twist |
| patron client relationships | an asian tradition, characterized by informal, affective social and political ties, in such societies, ties are personal and particularistic rather than formal, cognitive, and universalistic as in western societies |
| long march | in china, to escape repeated nationalistic attacks, the communists, led my mao, embarked on a long arduous march during 1934 and 35, trekking from Jiangxi to the shaanxi province in the north were they set up headquarters at yenan |
| koumintang | in the twentieth century, pre-communist china, the nationalist party founded by sun yat-sen, and propelled to power before world war I by chiang kai shek, who became the bitter rival of communist leader mao |
| meiji restoration | in Japan, samurai from several southern clans forced the tokagawa shogun to abdicate and restored the emporer, meiji, to power in 1868, sparking a modernization drive that brought japan to a postion of preeminence in asia by the end of the nineteenthe century |
| caste system | abolished by law, it is the basis for traditional indian society, in which there were four castes, braman(preists and scholars), Kshatryia(warriors and rulers) Vaisya (artisans, shopkeepers, farmers) and Sudra(farm laborers and menial laborers) in addition, a wretched underclass of untouchables |
| GLF | a mass campaign launched in 1958 by mao aimed at transforming china into a model communist society, produced steel from backyard furnaces, , left fields unattended, millions died |
| maoism | the ideas associated with mao, especially the notions that human will can overcome all obstacles and that the leadership is more important than economics as teh driving force in society |
| liberal democratic party | in Japan, the leading political party, which occupies the center-right on the political spectrum |
| miti | in japan, the ministry charged with stimulating export oriented industrial developement and promoting japanese products abroad |
| hausa fulani | major ethnic group that dominates nigerian politics |
| boers | dutch farmers who immigrated to what is now south africa in the seventeenth century and became colonists, sometimes compared with pioneers and settlers on the american frontier |
| daniel arop moi | formed Kadu political party in Kenya, became president when kenyatta died |
| mestizo | in latin america, the name given to people of mixed spanish and indian blood |
| encomienda system | when the spanish needed laborers to build their cathedrals and cities in latin america, an dto work on their plantations, they conscripted the indians, this system which organized the indians by village, was designed to compel them to do what was supposedly in their own best interests to work for meager pay while learning the christian religion |
| caudillos | in latin america the name given to a stong political boss or a military dictator, widely feared and sometimes admired for his prowess in gathering wealth and power by foul means or force |
| porfiriato | the name given to the rule of mexican dictator porfiro diaz, which represented the triumph of pragmatism over ideology and ushered in a period of accelerated economic developement; the longest career of period personal dictatorial rule in mexican history; elections were rigged and opposition was crushed, rich got richer..., characterized by investment banking, building of infrastructure, and privitization of the economy |
| juan peron | elected president of argentina in 1946, extended the franchise to women, stressed nationalism and social progress through an alliance between the state and organized labor |
| NAFTA | signed by canada, us, and mexico in 1992 it seeks to eliminate customs duties on tens o thousands of items in cross border trade in north america |
| social capital | like other forms of capital, social capital is productive, making possible the achievement of certain ends that would not be possible in its abscence, enhances efficiency of gov. and industry, based on trust btwn. the two parties |
| puglia | gfds |
| new institutionalism | fgfg |
| civic community | fg |
| mutual aid societies | fgf |
| free rider problem | ffg |
| path dependency | gov. depends on history and inertia |
| state | fgf |
| nation state | gsf |
| correlation coefficient | sdfg |
