| A | B |
| mosque | place of worship for followers of Islam |
| migrate | to move to another place |
| potash | mineral salt, often used in fertilizers |
| phosphate | mineral salt containing phospherous used in fertilizers |
| monotheism | belief in one God |
| Holocaust | killing of 6 million Jews |
| Bedouin | nomadic desert peoples of North Africa |
| constitutional monarchy | form of government headed by a monarch |
| oasis | place with water and green vegetation surrounded by desert |
| hajj | religious journey made by Muslims to Makkah |
| alluvial plain | plain built up from soil deposited by a river |
| Shah | kings of Iran, formerly Persia |
| ethnic group | people who share a common culture or background |
| civil war | conflict involving different groups within one country |