| A | B |
|---|
| urbanization | the movement of people from a rural (country) to urban (city) setting |
| enclosure movement | new British laws that allowed landowners to enclose private and common lands, combining them into their estates |
| factory system | an organized method of production that brought workers and machines together under the control of managers |
| cottage industry | system in which goods are produced on a small scale in people’s homes |
| economic | relating to the development, production and management of money |
| raw materials | natural materials used to produce goods |
| James Watt | inventor of the steam engine |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of the cotton gin |
| Henry Bessemer | developed the process for making steel |
| Edward Jenner | developed the smallpox vaccination |
| Louis Pasteur | discovered bacteria |
| capitalism | an economic system with open competition in a free market and private ownership of the means of production and distribution |
| Adam Smith | wrote Wealth of Nations, advocate of a capitalist economy |
| entrepreneur | person who undertakes risk to establish a business |
| Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels | wrote Communist Manifesto, developed theory of communism |
| James Hargreaves | invented an improved spinning jenny |
| communism | belief in a society without class distinction or private property |
| labor union | an organized body of workers for the regulation of wages and working conditions |
| strike | the stopping of work to protest against an employer, working condiitons or wages |
| socialism | belief that society as a whole should control the means of production, such as factories and land |
