| A | B |
|---|
| homeostasis | the ability to maintain within a normal range |
| carrying capacity | the number of individuals of a given species that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area |
| coevolution | when two species interact over a long period , changes in one species can lead to changes in the other |
| succession | the gradual development of a forest when lands is exposed or opened. |
| abiotic factors | factors that influence a population that are not living: climate, air, water |
| biotic factors | factors the affect a population that are living: food, predators, prey, ect... |
| environmental resistance | factors to limit the growth of a populaoitn |
| exponential growth | growth that explodes over a short period of time (doubles every time) |
| inertia | aka persistance; the ability of a living systems to sesist being disturbed or altered |
| constancy | the ability of a living system or population to maintai a certain size or keep its numbers within certain limits |
| resilience | the ability of a living system to bounce back after an outside disturbance |
| density-dependent | factors that affect the dispersion of a populatoin that is dependent on the population; food source, space, disease |
| density-independent | factors that affect population dispersion that effect the population without concern of size-earthquakes, tornadoes, ect... |
| population dynamics | populatoin changes in size, density, dispersion,and age destribution in response to changes in environmental conditions |
| r-strategists | species with a capacity for a high rate of population growth (man offspring in a short time);examples: rodents, insects, bacteria |
| k-strategists | species that produce a few offspring and often look after them; examples: humans, most mammals |
| survivorshep curve | shows the number of survivors in each age group for a particular species |
| "boom-bust" cycles | the cycle r-strategists populatoins go through |
| S-shaped | the shape of the k-strategists population graph |
| Type I survivorship curve | high survivorship to a certain age and then a high mortality |
| Type II survivorship curve | fairly constant death rate at each age |
| Type III survivorship curve | survivorship is low early in life |
| adaptation | genetically controlled structural, physiological, or behavioral characteristic that enhances the chances for members of a population to survive and reproduce in thier environment |
| differential reproduction | indviduals with adaptations that allow them to survive under changed environmental conditions are more likely to repoduce, they will leave behind the most offspring |
| natural selection | process by which a particular beneficial gene is reproduced more than others in a population through adaptation and differential reproduction |
| birth rate | number of live births per 1,000 people in a populaiton in a given year |
| death rate | in the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a populaiton in a given year |
| emigration rate | number of individuals leaving an area |
| immigration rate | number of individuals entering an area |
| total fertility rate | an estimate of the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years |
| replacement-level fertility | the number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves; slightly higher than 2) |
| life expectancy | the average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live |
| age structure | the age distribution of a populaiton |
| migration to larger cities | first major shift in U.S. history |
| migration from large cities to suburbs | third major shift in U.S. history |
| migration from North/East to South/West | second major shifts in U.S. history |
