| A | B |
|---|
| Nutrients | the substances in food that provied the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all the essential processes. |
| Carbohydrates | Nutrients composed of carbon,oxygen, and hydrogen that are a major source of energy and provide the raw materials to make parts of cells. |
| Glucose | A sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells. |
| Fiber | A complex carbohydrate, found in plant foods, that cannot be broken down into sugar molecules by the body |
| Fats | High-energy nutrients that are composed of carbon,oxygen, and hydrogen and contain morethan twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates. |
| Unsaturated fats | Fats, such as olive oil and canola oil, that are usually liquid at room temperatur. |
| Saturated fats | Fats, such as butter, that are usually solid at room temperature |
| Cholesterol | A waxy, fatlike substance, found only in animal products, that is an important part of your body's cells; can build up on artery walls. |
| Amino Acids | Small units that are linked together chemically to form a large protein molecules. |
| Vitamins | Molecules that act as helpers in a varielty of chemical reactions within the body. |
| Minerals | Nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things. |
| Percent Daily Value | An indication of how the nutritional content of a food fits into the diet of a person who consumes a total of 2000 calories |
| The food guide Pyramid | A chart that classifies foods into six groups to help people plan a healthy diet |
| Digestion | The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| Absorption | The process by which nutrient molecules pass trough the wall of digestive system into the blood |
| Saliva | The fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion |
| Epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food frome entering |
| Esophagus | A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| Mucus | A thick, slippery substance produced by the body |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contractio that keeps food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
| Stomach | A J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen that expands to hold all of the foodthat is swallowed |
| Small Intestine | The part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| Liver | The strongest and heaviest organ inside the body; it breaks down substances and eliminates nitrogen from the body |
| Bile | A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. |
| Gallbladder | The organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver |
| Pancreas | A triangular organ that produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine |
| Villi | Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and profide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed |
| Large intestine | The last section of the digestive systemwhere water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body. |
| Rectum | A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated |
