| A | B |
|---|
| artificial selection | used by farmers to produce offspring with most desired traits |
| natural selection | process in nature that results in the most fit organisms surviving and reproducing offspring |
| survival of the fittest | principle that states that only individuals best suited to their environment survive |
| population | a group of organisms, similar in appearance that breed and produce fertile offspring in a natural environment |
| gene pool | common group of genes shared by members of a population |
| relative frequency | number of times an allele appears in the gene pool, compared to the times other alleles for the same trait appear |
| speciation | formation of new species from previously existing species |
| niche | combination of an organism's habitat and their role in the habitat |
| reproductive isolation | separation of populations of a species due to physical or behavioral traits so that they do not interbreed |
| adaptive radiation | one species gives rise to many species that may appear different externally but are alike internally |
| divergent evolution | another name for adaptive radiation |
| convergent evolution | unrelated species giving rise to organisms with similar appearance due to adaptation to environmental cues |
| analogous structures | structures similar in appearance and structure,but which differ in internal construction and origin |
| genetic drift | random change in the frequency of a gene |
| gradualism | slow, gradual change over a long period time; Darwin |
| punctuated equilibrium | pattern of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of change |
| mass extinction | phenomenon in which many species suddenly vanish |
