| A | B |
|---|
| Taino | a Native American people of the Caribbean islands-the first group encountered by Columbus and his men when they reached the Americas. (p. 27) |
| Tariff of Abominations | John C. Calhoun's name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to Southerners to be enriching the North at their expenses. (p.230) |
| Tariff of 1816 | a protective tariff designed to aid American industries. (p. 218) |
| Teapot Dome scandal | Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall's secret leasing of oil-rich public land to private companies in return for money and land. (p.627) |
| Telecommunications Act of 1996 | a law enacted in 1996 to remove barrers that had previously prevented communications companies from engaging in more than one type of communications business. (p.1084) |
| telecommute | to work at home for a company located elsewhere, by using such communications technologies as computers, the internet, and fax machines. (p. 1084) |
| telegraph | a device for the electrical transmission of coded messages over wires. (p. 276) |
| temperance movement | an organized effort to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages. (p. 255) |
| tenant farming | a system in which farm workers supply their own tools and rent farmland for cash. (p. 391) |
| tenement | a multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded and unsanitary. (p. 470) |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | a federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods. (p.725) |
| termination policy | the U.S. government's plan, announced in 1953, to give up responsibility for Native American tribes by eliminating federal economic support, discontinuing the reservation system, and redistributing tribal lands. (p. 869) |
| Tet offensive | a massive surprise attack by the Vietcong on South Vietnamese towns and cities early in 1968. (p. 955) |
| Texas Revolution | the 1836 revellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico. (p.291) |
| Thirteenth Amendment | an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1865, that has abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. (p.368) |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | the Constitutional Convention's agreement to court three-fifths of a state's slave as population for purposes of representation and taxation. (p.142) |
| Tiananmen Square | the site of 1989 demonstrations in Beijing, China, in which Chinese students demanded freedom of speech and a greater voice in government. (p. 1056) |
| Tonkin Gulf Resolution | a resolution adopted by Congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to wage war in Vietnam. (p. 941) |
| totalitarian | characteristic of a political system in which the government exercises complete control over its citizens' lives. (p. 735) |
| Townshend Acts | a series of laws enacted by Parliament in 1767, establishing indirect taxes on goods imported from Britain by the British colonies in North America. (p. 97) |
| transcendentalism | a philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination. (p.242) |
| transcontinental railroad | a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, completed in 1869. (p. 443) |
| Treaty of Fort Laramie | the treaty requiring the Sioux to live on a reservation along the Missouri River. (pp. 282, 410) |
| Treaty of Ghent | the 1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812. (p. 205) |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | the 1848 treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico, in which Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the United States. (p. 297) |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) | the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War, confirming the independence of the United States and setting the boundaries of the new nation. (p.122) |
| Treaty of Paris (1898) | the treaty ending the Spanish-American War, in which Spain freed Cuba, turned over the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and solc the Phillippines to the United States for $20 million. (p. 556) |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | the 1494 treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the lands of the Western Hemisphere between them. (p.30) |
| Treaty of Versailles | the 1919 peace treaty at the end of World War I which established new nations, borders, and war reparations. (p. 606) |
| trench warfare | military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield. (p.582) |
| triangular trade | the transatlantic system of trade in which goods and people, including slaves, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America. (p.76) |
| Truman Doctine | a U.S. policy, announced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents. (p. 812) |
| Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute | founded in 1881, and led by Booker T. Washington, to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in the trade and agriculture. (p. 491) |
| two-party system | a political system dominated by two major parties. (p. 186) |
| Truth, Sojourner | (1797-1883) Freed slave; abolitionist leader. |
| Tubman, Harriet | (circa 1820-1913) Escaped slave who led 300 slaves to freedom along Underground Railroad. |
| tariff | Tax on imports; used to protect industry from foreign competition. |
| temperature | The amound of heat in the air (or atmosphere). |
| terrain | Land or landscape. |
| Triangular Trade | The trade in goods and slaves between Europe, West Africa, and America. |
| Taiping Rebellion | Rebellion of 1850-1864 in southern China that killed 20 million people, finally suppressed with British help. |
| Taliban | Radical Islamic movement formed in Kandahar in 1994; captured Kabul in September 1996 from Mujaheedin regime; government recognized only by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Republic; condemned by United Nations and other international commmunities for its violation of human rights. |
| Tariff | Tax on imports, used to protect industry from foreign competition. |
| Theology | Study of religion; doctrines set forth by a particular church. |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | Founded in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and surviving until 1868. Tokugawa shoguns wielded supreme political and military power. They re-imposed centralized rule over feudal Japan and brought stability, peace, cultural creativity, and political isolation. |
| Tripartire Pact | Treaty signed by Japan, Germany, and Italy in which each pledged to help the others obtain the land it was entitled to, as well as to aid each other if attacked. |
| Timur Lenk (Tamberlaine) | (1336?-1405) Mongol conqueror. Empire centered in Central Asia. Invaded India and massacred thousands. |
| Tojo, Hideki | (1884-1948) Japanese general and statesman. Approved aggressive policies during World War II. Tried, convicted, and executed by Allies for war crimes. |
| Trotsky, Leon (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) | (1879-1940) Russian revolutionary. With Lenin, led Bolshevik seizure of power in 1917. Directed Red Army in civil war. Lost power struggle with Stalin. Exiled and assassinated. |
| Truman, Harry | (1884-1972) Thirty-third U.S. President. Responsible for decision to use atomic bomb against Japan in World War II. |
