| A | B |
|---|
| excretion | process by which wastes and extra substances are removed from organisms; removes excess heat |
| major metabolic wastes | carbon dioxide, water, nitrogenous compounds, mineral salts |
| nitrogenous compounds | formed from the breakdown of amino acids; ammonia, urea, uric acid |
| elimination | defication; process of moving undigested food from the digestive tract |
| ammonia | chief nitrogenous waste of protists and aquatic multicellular animals |
| urine | dilute solution of urea, water, and mineral salts |
| urea | substance made with the combination of ammonia and CO2; humans, mammals, and earthworms |
| uric acid | dry, nitrogenous waste or insects, reptiles and birds |
| liver | detoxifies human blood, removes wastes, certain drugs and hormones |
| cirrhosis | liver becomes overgrown and ceases to function due to overload of alcohol |
| jaundice | to much bile is reabsorbed resulting in a yellow skin color |
| kidneys | filters blood and sends urine to the bladder |
| ureters | connects kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| urinary bladder | stores urine until excreted |
| cortex | outer part of the kidney that filters blood |
| medulla | middle part of the kidney that carries filtrate to the pelvis |
| pelvis | inner region of kidney that drains filtrate |
| nephrons | microscopic filtering units of the kidneys |
| glomerulus | in nephron, tight ball of capillaries |
| Bowman's capsule | surrounds glomerulus, receives filtrate |
| Loop of Henle | extends into medulla and pelvis; responsible for reabsorption |
| renal arteries | carry blood to kidneys |
| renal veins | carry blood from kidneys to heart |
| filtration | in glomerulus; forces filtrate through nephrons |
| blood cells and proteins | too large to be filtered |
| reabsorption | in the renal tubule and loop of Henle; water, glucose and aa's returned to blood |
| kidney stones | urine crystallizes |
| dialysis | artificial kidney machine |
| lungs | excrete CO2 and H2O |
| epidermis | dead and dying layers of cells |
| dermis | made of connective tissue; contains nerves, blood vessels, lymph, hair |
| adipose tissue | fat under dermis |
| sebaceous glands | secrete oil |
| sweat glands | coiled tubes to release sweat |
| pores | openings of sweat glands |
| pimples | clogged pores |
| shivering | generates heat by rapid movement of muscles |
