| A | B |
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| Matter | This is what the universe is made up of |
| mass | The amount of matter in an object |
| constant | The mass of an object is ______________ |
| inertia | Scientists define mass as a measure of the __________of an oject. |
| inertia | The resistance of an object to changes in its motion |
| force | If an object is at rest, a ______must be used to make it move |
| greater | The more mass an object has the __________ its inertia |
| grams and kilograms | Mass is measured in _____________ |
| weight | A general property of matter |
| constant | Weight is not ___________ |
| gravity | The force of attraction between two objects |
| weight | The pull of gravity on an object determines the object's ___________ |
| Newton | The metric unit of weight |
| Volume | The amount of space an object takes up |
| Liters and milliliters | Used to measure the volume of liquids |
| cubic centimeters | Used to measure the volume of solids |
| one | How many cubic centimeters in a milliliter? |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and volume. |
| density | Mass per unit volume of an object |
| density | Defined as mass divided by volume |
| g/mL or g/cubic centimeters | Units of density |
| 1 g/mL | The density of fresh water |
| sink | An object with a density greater than 1 g/mL would __________ |
| float | An object with a density less than 1 g/mL would __________ |
| 89% | The density of ice is about ________ that of cold water |
| increases | The density of water ________with depth |
| physical properties | The general properties of matter such as mass, weight, volume, and density are examples of _____________ |
| physical properties | Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance |
| phases of matter | Scientists use the ___________ to classify the various kinds of matter in the world |
| definite shape and definite volume | Two important characteristics of solids |
| vibration | Type of movement between particles of a solid |
| crystal | A regular, repeating pattern |
| crystalline solid | Solid made up of crystals |
| amorphous solid | Solid that loses its shape under certain conditions |
| shape | Liquids have no definite _________ |
| volume | Liquids do have definite ___________ |
| viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flow |
| gas | Phase that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume |
| gas | Phase of matter that can be compressed. |
| Boyle's law | Explains the relationship between volume and pressure |
| inversely | The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies ____________with the pressure of the gas |
| decrease | As the pressure increases the volume will __________ |
| Charle's law | Explains how the volume of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the temperature of the gas. |
| increase | An increase in the temperature of air within a balloon causes the volume to ___________ |
| gas laws | Describes the behavior of the gases with changes in pressure, temperature, and volume |
| plasma | Phase of matter that is rare on Earth |
| plasma | Matter in this phase is extremely high in energy |
| amount of energy | The phase at which matter is in depends on the _________________ |
| less | A solid substance tends to have _______energy than the same substance in a liquid |
| physical | Types of change in which there is a change of phase |
| melting | The change of a solid to a liquid |
| melting | Occurs when a substance absorbs energy |
| melting point | Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid |
| freezing | Occurs when a substance loses energy |
| freezing point | Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid |
| alcohol | Substances that have freezing points much lower than 0 degrees Celsius |
| antifreeze | Alcohol's low freezing point makes it a key ingredient in _______________ |
| vaporization | The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas |
| evaporization | Vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid |
| cooling effect | Evaporation has a _________________ |
| boiling point | Temperature at which a liquid boils |
| pressure | The boiling point of a liquid is related to the ___________of air above it. |
| lowers | Lowering the air pressure __________ the boiling point |
| condensation | Process where a gaseous substance loses heat energy and changes into a liquid |
| sublimation | Process by which a solid changes directly into a gas |
| dry ice | Solid carbon dioxide |
| flammability | Chemical property that is described as the substance's ability to burn |
| chemical | Type of property that doesn't deal with color, ordor, taste, definite shape or definite volume |
| chemical | Changes a substance undergoes when it turns into another substance |
| chemical property | Describes a substance's ability to change into a different substance. |
| chemical reaction | Another name for a chemical change |
| chemical reaction | Involves chemically combining different substances |
| Benjamin Thompson | Did experiments that lead him to conclude that heat must be a form of energy |
| James Prescott Joule | British scientist that investigated the relationship between heat and motion |
| molecules | Matter is made up of tiny particles called _____________ that are always in motion |
| cold | Term for the absence of heat |
| heat transfer | Occurs when heat moves from a warm object to a cooler object |
| conduction | Heat is transferred through a substance or from one substance to another by the direct contact of molecules |
| convection | Heat energy is transferred through liquids and gasses |
| Convection currents | Up and down movements within a liquid or gas |
| radiation | Heat energy is transferred through empty space. |
| heat conductors | Conduct heat better and more rapidly than other substances |
| insulator | Substance that does not conduct heat easily |
| infrared | Radiation that reaches the Earth in the form of invisible light |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| temperature | The measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules |
| mass | Unlike temperature, heat depends on the ________ of the substance present. |
| thermometer | An instrument that is a safe way to measure heat of a substance |
| celsius | Scale used to measure temperature in the metric system |
| Kelvin | Adding 273 degrees to the Celsius degrees with convert to ___________ |
| Absolute zero | Zero degrees Kelvin is _________________ |
| Absolute zero | Temperature at which all motion stops |
| directly | Heat cannot be measured ______________ |
| calories | Heat is measured in units called ___________ |
| One calorie | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature on 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
| specific heat | The ability of a substance to absorb heat energy |
| 1 cal per gram per degree Celsius | Specific heat of water |
| calorimeter | Used to measure the heat given off in chemical reactions |
| Potential energy | Stored energy |
| kilocalories | Calories in food are measured in ______________ |
| Thermal expansion | The increase in size of a substance caused by heat |
| thermostat | Device used to control temperature |
