| A | B |
|---|
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate; energy-storing molecule that serves as cell's "energy currency" |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate; molecule occurring from the breaking off of a phosphate group from ATP |
| photosynthesis | process by which autotrophs form sugars from carbon dioxide & water using sunlight |
| light reaction | process where light energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis |
| Calvin cycle | set of reactions during photosynthesis when sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from light reaction |
| electron transport chain | series of molecules along which electrons are transferred, releasing energy from ATP |
| photolysis | splitting of water molecules during photosynthesis |
| chemosynthesis | process to obtain energy from inorganic compounds instead of from light |
| respiration | process in which cells break down food to release energy |
| aerobic process | oxygen-requiring biological process |
| anaerobic process | simple biological process which does not require oxygen |
| glycolysis | anaerobic process that splits glucose, forming two molecules of pyruvic acid, hydrogen ions, and electrons |
| citric acid cycle | cyclic series of reactions during aerobic respiration, producing ATP and releasing electrons |
| lactic acid fermentation | anaerobic process that leads to muscle fatigue |
| alcoholic fermentation | anaerobic process in which pyruvic acid is turned into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide |
