| A | B |
|---|
| What motivated Europeans to sail on voyages of discovery? | 3 Gs of conquest |
| What are the 3 Gs of conquest? | God, gold and glory |
| What new technologies made long distances voyages possible? | Navigation aids and a new ship design |
| What new ship design featured an improved keel and a combination of square and lateen sails? | Caravel |
| What navigation improvements aided voyages of discovery? | Magnetic compass, astrolabe and later sextant, hour glass, Mercator projection |
| Why was Portugal the first country to sail around Africa? | Prince Henry's sailing school built caravel ships and trained captains in the new navigation instruments. |
| Who was the first European to sail around the Cape Hope of Africa? | Vasco da Gama |
| Where did Affonso de Albuquerque set up a Portuguese fort to trade with India? | Goa |
| Who landed off the coast of Brazil and claimed that land for Portugal? | Cabral |
| What event enabled Ferdinand and Isabella to unify Spain and propel it into voyages of discovery? | They expelled the Moors (Muslims) from Spain |
| What was Columbus' goal in sailing west instead of east? | To find a quicker route to China and the Indies |
| What was the purpose of sailing to the east instead of using the existing silk road as the path to riches? | Silk Road was controlled by Muslims and they charged higher prices for buying and selling luxury goods. |
| Who conquered Aztec Mexico for Spain? | Hernan de Cortez |
| Who conquered Inca Peru for Spain? | Francisco Pissaro |
| How were competing Iberian claims to new lands settled? | The Pope drew a Line of Demarcation and the Treaty of Tordedillas said that Portugal gets all lands east and Spain gets all lands west. |
| What was the Columbian Exchange? | The movement of goods, animals, foods, and disease between the Old World and the New World. |
| What were the consequences of disease due to Spanish conquest? | Native populations were deciminated (est. 90%) and venereal disease brought back to Europe took a significant toll. |
| What were some long term effects of Spanish conquest? | Except Brazil, all of Central and South America and the Southwest and Florida were under Spanish control. Spain grew wealthy. The American cultures were permanently changed with introduction of European language, customs, and goods. |
| What were encomiendas? | Large tracts of land granted by the Spanish crown. |
| Who were mestizos? | Mixed race people. |
| What was the effect of Portuguese voyages of discovery? | Portugese controlled sea trade around the African coast, the Indian coast and into the Spice Islands. |
| How were a small number of Spanish able to conquer whole native populations? | Superior weapons and political alliances with rebellious native peoples. |
| What kind of a monarch was Louis XIV of France? | Absolute monarch |
| What war did England and France fight to determine control of North America and India? | Seven Years War (also called French and Indian War) |
