| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | one parent that produces offspring identical to the one parent |
| sexual reproduction | requires two parents in which 2 sex cells join together |
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics |
| heredity | passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| gene | pieces of DNA that carry heredity instructions |
| dominant trait | the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred |
| recessive trait | a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred |
| allele | alternate forms of the same gene |
| Punnett square | tool used to show all the possible genotypes of offspring |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| phenotype | organism's inherited appearance |
| sex cells | egg and sperm cells that carry half of the chromosomes |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, a molecule that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits |
| mutation | a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule |
| genetics | the study of how traits are passed on to offspring |
| trait | a genetically determined characteristic |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| chromosome | one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein |
| meiosis | a process in cell division which results in the production of sex cells |
| probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event |
