| A | B |
|---|
| republic | a type of government in which citizens who have the right to vote select their leaders; the leaders rule in the name of the people |
| patrician | member of a wealthy, upper-class family in the ancient Roman Republic |
| plebeian | an ordinary citizen in the ancient Roman Republic |
| consul | one of two officials who led the ancient Roman Republic |
| veto | the Latin word for "forbid"; the rejection of a bill by the President or of any planned action or rule by a person in power |
| dictator | a person in the ancient Roman Republic appointed to rule for six months in times of emergency, with all the powers of a king |
| Romulus and Remus | twin brothers; according to legend, founded Romein 753 B.C. |
| Etrucans | (ancient people who lived in Etruria in Italy from at least 650 B.C. to about 500 B.C.; lived before the Romans and influenced their culture |
| Julius Caesar | (c. 100-44 B.C.) Roman political and military leader; became dictator for life in 44 B.C.; greatly improved the Roman government; was murdered by Roman senators because of his great power |
| Octavian | (63 B.C.-A.D. 14) Rome's forst emperor; wise and strong leader whose rule led to peace and wealth; also known as Augustus |
| Tiber River | a major river in Italy; Rome is built on its banks |
| Rome | (42*N, 12*E) the capital city of Italy; capital of the ancient Roman Empire |
| Italy | (44*N, 11*E)a boot-shaped country in southern Europe, including the islands of Sicily and Sardinia |
| Carthage | (37*N, 10*E) an ancient city on the northern coast of Africa; now a suburb of the city of Tunis |
| Gaul | a region inhabited by the ancient Gauls; now present-day France and parts of Belgium, Germany, and Italy |
| province | a unit of an empire; the provinces of the Roman Empire each had a gocernor supported by an army |
| aqueduct | a structure that carries water over long distances |
| Augustus | (63 B.C.- A.D. 14)first Roman emperor; ruled after Julius Caesar's death in 44B.C. until his own death |
| Hadrian | (A.D 76-138) emperor of Rome from A.D. 117 to 138; one of Rome's greatest emperors; worked to unify the empire |
| Greece | (39*N, 21*E) a country in Mediterranean Europe; site of a great ancient civilization |
| Colosseum | (42*N, 12*E) a large amphitheatre built in Rome around A.D. 70; site of contests and combats between people and animals |
| circus | an arena in ancient Rome; also the show held there |
| Martial | Roman poet (c. a.d. 38-103); wrote poems about the early Roman Empire |
| Seneca | (c. 4 B.C.-A.D. 65)writer, philosopher, and statesman of ancient Rome |
| messiah | a savior in Judaism and Christianity |
| disciple | a follower of a person or belief |
| Gospel | in the Christian bible, the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, which are the first four books of the New Testament |
| epistle | a letter; in the Christian Bible, letters written by disciples like Paul to Christian groups |
| martyr | a person who chooses to die for a cause he or she belives in |
| Jesus | (c. 4 B.C.-A.D. 30) founder of Christianity; belived by Christians to be the Messiah; executed by the Roman government; followers said he spoke to them after death and rose bodily to heaven |
| Paul | (dies c. A.D. 64) disciple of Jesus, spent his later life spreading Jesus' teachings; his writings helped turn Christianity into an organized religion |
| Nero | (c. A.D. 37-68) Roman emperor from A.D. 54 to 68; known for his mistreatment of the Christians |
| Judea | -DEFFINITION NOT IN BOOK- |
| mercenary | a foreign soldier who serves in an army inly for pay |
| inflation | an economic situation in whick there is more money of less value |
| Constantine | (c. A.D. 278- 337) amperor of Rome from A.D. 312 to 337; encouranged the spread of Christianity |
| Diocletian | (A.D. 245-316) amperor of Rome from A.D. 284 to 305; reorganized the Roman government |
| Constantinople | (41*N, 29*E) the ancient capital of Byzantiun; now Istanbul, Turkey |
