| A | B |
| Ba'ath Party | a political party who maintains lone control in Iraq and Syria through the use of terror |
| Sir Francis Bacon | English philosopher and scientist who is best known as father of experimental science |
| balance of power | a term describing the status of nation in relation to one another |
| balance of trade | a measure of a nation's trade status calculated by the difference between imports and exports |
| barter system | a system of exchanging goods without the use of money |
| Manachem Begin | Prime Minister of Israel who signed the Arab-Israeli Peace Agreement with Sadat of Egypt |
| David Ben-Gurion | the first Prime Minister of Israel |
| Otto Van Bismark | German leader who united the Germans |
| Simon Bolivar | the "Liberator" who freed large sections of South America from the Spanish in the 1800's |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French general who conquered much of Europe for France |
| bourgeoisie | Communism |
| Boxer Rebellion | a rebellion of anti-foreign groups in China in 1900 |
| boycott | refusal to buy certain goods or services |
| brahman | in Hinduism, the single, supreme force or reality of the universe |
| Buddhism | a religion found in Asia that teaches self-purification |
| Bushido | code of behavior developed by Japan's samurai class that emphasized virtues and duty |