| A | B |
|---|
| Consciousness | Consists of all the sensations,perceptions,memories, and feelings you are aware of at any instant |
| Waking Consciousness | A normal state of clear, organized alertness |
| Altered State of Consciousness | Distinct changes occur in the quality and pattern of mental activity |
| Microsleep | A brief shift of brain activity to patterns normally recorded during sleep |
| Sleep stages | A combination of brain-wave patterns and behavioral changes |
| Hypnic jerk | A reflex muscle contraction throughout the body |
| Stage one sleep | The EEG is made up mainly of small, irregular waves with some alpha |
| Sleep spindles | Short bursts of distinctive brain wave-activity |
| Stage three sleep | Delta waves appear, signal deeper sleep |
| Stage two sleep | Body temperature drops and sleep spindles appear |
| Stage four sleep | deepest level of normal sleep, waves pure delta |
| Rapid eye movements | Sleeper's eyes occasionally move, marked by return to stage one EEG patterns |
| REM behavior disorder | A failure of normal muscle paralysis during sleep |
| Night terrors | A person suffers total panic and may hallucinate frightening dreams |
| Nightmare | A bad dream that takes place during REM sleep |
| Narcolepsy | Uncontrollable sleep attacks |
| Insomnia | Difficulty in going to sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, waking too early, or a combination of these problems |
| Stimulus control | To link a response with specific stimuli |
| REM rebound | Dreamed extra amounts with relapse into REM during other sleep stages |
| Activation-synthesis theory | The brain is (activated) during sleep and then generate and synthesizes its own sensory and motor information |
| sleep-deprivation psychosis | confusion, disorientation, delusions, and hallucinations are typical of this reaction |
| beta waves | small fast waves |
| alpha waves | larger and slower waves than beta |
| delta waves | very large and slow waves |
| REM sleep | marked by a return to stage one EEG patterns |
| Somnambulists | sleepwalkers |
| cataplexy | a sudden temporary paralysis of the muscles |
| drug-dependency insomnia | sleeplessness caused by withdrawal from sleeping pills |
| tryptophan | an amino acid that promotes sleep |
| sleep apnea | breathing stops for brief intervals during sleep |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome ("crib death") |
| hypersomnia | excessive daytime sleepiness |
| wish fulfillment | an expression of unconscious desires |
| dream symbols | images that have deeper symbolic meaning |
| hypnosis | an altered state of consciousness, characterized by narrowed attention and an increased openness to suggestion |
| Sensory deprivation | any major reduction in external stimulation |
| hidden observer | a detached part of the hypnotized person's awareness that silently observes events |
| psychoactive drug | a substance capable of altering attention, judgement, memory, time sense, self-control, emotion, and perception |
| psychological dependence | drug is necessary to maintain emotional or psychological well-being |
