| A | B |
|---|
| holocaust | Destruction of 6 million Jews by the Nazis |
| Anti-semitism | Showing hostility toward or discrimination against Jews |
| genocide | Deliberate and systematic destruction of a cultural group |
| Torah | Jewish prayer book |
| Judaism | The Hebrew religion |
| Pogrom | Riots involving murder and pillage, aimed against Jews in Russia |
| Nuremberg Laws | Anti- Jewish statutes enacted by the Nazis in the 1930's |
| Kristallnacht | Night of the broken glass; pogrom unleashed by the Nazis on November 9-10, 1938. |
| Ghetto | The compulsary "Jewish quarter" |
| concentration camp | Established by Nazis for the imprisonment of all enemies |
| final solution | The cover name for the plan to destroy the Jews of Europe |
| Wannsee Conference | Was held to discuss and coordinate the final solution |
| Adolf Eichmann | SS lieutenant colonel and head of the "Jewish station" of the Gestapo |
| Josef Mengel | Nazi physician at Auschwitz |
| Rudolf Hoess | Nazi major who served as Commandant at Auschwitz |
| SS | abbreviation used (2 crossed lightning bolts) of the Nazis' special elite guards |
| indifference | no care or enthusiasm for a topic |
| bystander | one who watches and does not get involved |
| perpetrator | one who is guilty of a crime |
| rescuer | one who helps/saves |
| Dachau | the first Nazi concentration camp established on March 10,1933 |
| Auschwitz | Concentration camp and extermination camp in upper Poland. |
| Terezin | ghetto outside Prague. |
| Arbeit Macht Frei | sign over Auschwitz (Work Brings Freedom) |
| death march | the walk to the gas chamber |
| liberation | freedom |
| Nuremberg trials | trials held by the Allies to address Nazi war crimes |
| Czar Nicholas II | Russian ruler before 1917 |
| soviets | councils that govern their areas |
| Bolsheviks | Revolutionaries led by Lenin who planned to overthrow the government in Russia |
| Vladimir Lenin | Communist leader of Russia after the 1917 Revolution; follower of Karl Marx |
| Karl Marx | Father of Communism; a German economist who wrote about new kinds of socialism |
| white Russians | enemies of communism |
| New Economic Policy | a plan which allowed for some private ownership of land |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | The new name of Russia after the takeover by the communists |
| Joseph Stalin | Secretary-General of the Communist party |
| Five Year Plan | Plan forced onto the people to expand heavy industry |
| collectives | large farms owned and run by the government |
| kulaks | peasant farmers who refused to join collectives |
| Great Purge | the deportation and execution of millions who opposed Stalin |
| Rhineland | Western part of Germany near France. |
| Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister, believed in appeasement |
| appeasement | Making concessions to an aggressor in order to keep peace |
| pacifism | not wanting to fight in war |
| Neutrality Laws | Laws that stopped America from helping or selling arms to countries involved in a war |
| Munich Conference | 4 powers(Britian, France, Italy, Germany) agree to let Germany occupy Sudatenland. |
| Axis powers | Germany, Italy, Japan |
| the Allies | Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States, China, plus 43 other countries |
| Blitzkreig | means "lightning War" in German |
| Dunkirk | In France where the Allies evacuated leaving France to Germany |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister in Great Britain after Chamberlain |
| Battle of Britain | Three months of bombing by the Germans when the RAF shot down many Germans |
| Royal Air Force | They won the Battle of Britain |
| "scorched earth" | It was a policy of burning crops so the enemy won,t get the land. |
| Siege of Leningard | Two year attack of this Soviet city that killed 1.5 million people |
| Lend Lease Act | U.S. law which allowed war supplies to be shipped to Britain and the USSR |
| New order in east Asia | Japan would enjoy commercial supremacy in China |
| Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis | between Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| Pearl Harbor | city in Hawaii bombed by Japan on 12-7-41 |
| General Tojo | Prime Minister of Japan who was an outspoken expansionist |
| Douglas MacArthur | Led allied defensive of the Philippines but could not stave off a Japanese victory |
| Rationing | giving/using only a small amount of supplies/goods at a time |
| Japanese Relocation Camps | When the USA put all of the Japanese-American into camps |
| Erwin Rommel | German general known as the "Desert Fox" who began a powerful offensive against the Allies in Spring, 1942 |
| Bernard Montgomery | blocked the Nazis at El Alamein and launched a counter-offensive |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | American general who led the Allies invasion of France. |
| Battle of El Alamein | the battle where Rommel surrendered to the Allied forces in Africa |
| Badoglio | Italian who took control of the government and had Mussolini arrested |
| D-Day | code name "Operation Overlord" which began on June 6, 1944 |
| Battle of the Bulge | battle in January '45 - largest land battle, Germans defeated |
| Midway | Pacific battle where Japanese fleet was badly damaged by American planes |
| Island Hopping | distroying one island skiping the next an destroying the next |
| Okinawa | small japanese island 1,000 miles from Tokyo where U.S. forces landed |
| Kamikaze | Suside piolets who chrashed planes loaded with explosives into American ships |
| Truman | U.S. persident who made the dicision to drop the Atomic bomb on Japan |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | two Japanese cities that were distroyed by the atomic bomb |
| inflation | rise in prices and salaries that lessens the purchasing power of money |
| Great Depression | economic slowdown of the 30's that caused massive unemployment |
| bank failures | when the stock market crashed and people could not get their money |
| protective tariffs | taxes on foreign goods |
| domestic goods | goods made within the country |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | president who faced the problems of the people and helped the British and French |
| New Deal | plan implemented by Roosevelt that helped Americans get out of the Depression |
| fireside chats | radio talks by Roosevelt that dealt with the problems facing the people |
| fascism | single party controlling the government |
| Benito Mussolini | leader of Fascist Italy |
| Adolph Hitler | leader of Nazi Germany |
| Francisco Franco | fascist Spanish general who took power in 1939 |
| capitalism | the american economic system based on freedom of opportunity |
| satellite nations | nations whose political and economic systems are controlled by a more powerful country(East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslavakia, Romania, Bulgaria) |
| iron curtain | invisible dividing line between eastern and western Europe |
| ideology | a major difference between United States and the Soviet Union |
| Nakita Krushchev | the Soviet premier or ruler in 1953, took over after Stalin |
| space race | a race between the United States and the Soviet Union to see who could get a man into space first |
| Cold War | the rivalry between the Soviet Union and the U.S. |
| Truman Doctrine | U.S. promised to give food, machinery, and supplies to all free nations |
| policy of containment | is the way a nation deals with other nations |
| Harry Truman | American president after Roosevelt, dropped the A bomb |
| Marshall Plan | law that provided $17 billion in aid to help countries destroyed in WW II strengthen their economies |
| Berlin Airlift | American and British planes began to fly 2.5 million tons of food, fuel, clothing, and supplies into West Berlin |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization was a military defense agreement |
| Warsaw Pact | an agreement after NATO to include the Soviet Union |
| Berlin Wall | wall stood for nearly 30 years as a reminder of the Cold War which divided East and West Berlin |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | conflict about missile bases in Cuba between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. which almost led to nuclear war |
| superpowers | (size, power, wealth) U.S. and Soviet Union |
| Joe Pollaro | Is the best person in the world |
