| A | B |
|---|
| diverging plates | convection currents cause plates to pull apart |
| mid atlantic ocean ridge | largest mountain range spreading center |
| Fault | break or crack in earths crust along which movement has occured |
| Converging plates | 2 plates come together or converge forming mts by earthquakes |
| San Andreas Fault | n american and Pacific plate are sliding past each other where ca will break off |
| Subduction zone | one plate plunges down under another overriding plate |
| expansion | the earth is heating up & getting bigger causing brittle crust to break |
| contraction | earthis cooling off & getting smaller causing brittle crust to break |
| isostasy | the crust floats on the mantle erosion causes land to rise depisition causes land to sink |
| convection | currents in mantle cause plates to move |
| continental drift | continents are slowly moving apart |
| plate | earths crust is made of several pieces that float on the mantle |
| igeneous | fire formed volcanoes |
| intrusive | volcanic activity below the surface |
| magma | liquid rock underground |
| granite | I |
| Mafic | thin magma |
| Felsic | thick magma |
| Extrusive | volcanic activity on or above the surface |
| Lava | liquid rock on or above the surface |
| Basalt | formed by quick cooling of lava I |
| Pumus | I |
| sedimantary | rock made by hardening of sediments |
| sediment | pieces of rock mineral or animal |
| fossil | remains |
| Clastic | rock fragments |
| Shale | S formed by mud |
| Sandstone | S formed by sand |
| Conglomerate | S formed by gravel |
| Organic | plant or animal remains never igeneous |
| bituminous coal | S prehistoric swamp plant |
| coral | S skeletal remains of tropical marine life |
| coquina | S shells that stick together |
| chalk | S microscopic sea animals |
| Chemical | minerals united make compound |
| limestone | S calciumcarbonate |
| Rocksalt | S sodium chloride |
| Metamorphic | change |
| 3 changes | Heat pressure time |
| Schist | M south valley hill |
| Slate | M |
| Quartzite | M found below n valley hill |
| Marble | M |
| Anthracite | M Hard coal mined in eastern pa |
| Graphite | M used in pencils dry lubricant sporting equipment |
| diamonds | M Hardest natural substance used in jewlery |
| Gneiss | M |
| Plate tectonics | the study of the formation & movement of these plates |
| Geomorphology | study of landform origins |
| mantle | found below the crust semi liquid |
| crust | outer layer of earth solid and brittle |
| plates | Earths crust is made up of about a dozen pieces that fit together like a puzzle flat on the mantle |
| vulcanology | study of volcanoes |
| volcanologist | scientist that studies volcanoes |
| Convection Currents | currents of moving magma in the mantle that cause the plates to move |
| inner core | 1200 km in diameter made of solid iron and nickel |
| outer core | 2250km in thick made of liquid iron & nickel |
| Mantle | 2900 km thick layer of heavy rocks rich in compounds of iron magnesium & silicon |
| moho | border between crust and mantle |
| subsoil | Accumulate clay layer |
| topsoil | broken up rock few ft thick |
| un weathered bedrock | solid rock miles in thickness |
| weathered bedrock | boulderlayer |
| sizmology | study of earthquakes |
| sizmologist | Scientist who studies earthquakes |
| lithosphere | crust and mantle combined solid outside layer aka continents 3-40 miles thick igeneous rock- basalt |
| asthenosphere | lithosphereic plates reston a layer w/in it thougt to cause plate movement upper part of mantle |
