| A | B |
|---|
| personality | the patterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart from one another |
| trait | an aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable |
| surface trait | certain obvious personality traits such as integrity, friendliness, and tidiness |
| source trait | underlying traits that give rise to all the traits in each cluster |
| introvert | tend to be imaginative and to look inward rather than to other people for their ideas and energy |
| extrovert | tend to be active and self-expressive and gain energy from interaction with other people |
| id | represents basic drives such as hunger |
| ego | stands for reason and good sense. Child's demands for instant gratification cannot be met or because meeting these demands may be harmful |
| superego | develops throughout early childhood and functions according to the moral principle |
| defense mechanism | methods the ego uses to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause personal anxiety |
| repression | removes anxiety-causing ideas from conscious awareness by pushing them into the unconscious |
| rationalization | the use of self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior or ideas |
| displacement | the transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a less threatening object |
| regression | when an individual is under stress he or she will return to behavior that is characteristic of an earlier stage of development |
| projection | dealing with unacceptable impulses by projecting these impulses outward onto other people |
| reaction formation | act contrary to their genuine feelings in order to keep their true feelings hidden |
| denial | a person refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad or upsetting |
| sublimation | a hostile student may channel aggressive impulses into contact sports |
| collective unconscious | a store of human concepts shared by all people across all cultures |
| archetype | ideas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings |
| inferiority complex | the feelings of inadequacy and insecurity |
| socialization | the process by which people learn the socially desirable behaviors of their particular culture and adopt them as part of their personalities |
| self-concept | a view of oneself as an individual |
| congruence | consistency between one's self-concept and one's experience |
| acculturation | the process of adapting to a new or different culture |
