| A | B |
|---|
| Republic | Set of "rules" to guide in setting up a government |
| Senators | 300 members of the patrician class who governed Rome |
| Patricians | Land-holding upper class |
| Plebeians | Farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up majority of Rome's population |
| Tribunes | Representatives elected by the plebeians who could veto laws |
| Consuls | 2 senators who controlled the day-to-day business of the Senate |
| Praetors | 8 senators who were the judges |
| Censors | 5 senators--former consuls--who revised the Senate membership |
| Aediles | 4 Senators in charge of the "public good" |
| Quaestors | 20 Senators in charge of finances |
| Caesar | Became permanent dictator of Rome |
| Octavian | 1st Emperor who began Pax Roman |
| Pax Romana | 200 years of Roman peace (no civil wars) |
| Caligula | Tried to have his horse elected consul |
| Hadrian | Gave up some Roman territory and built barriers to protect the empire |
| Tiberius | Son of Octavian/Augustus |
| Claudius | Poisoned by his wife so Nero could become emperor |
| Nero | Blamed Christians for burning Rome (really his own fault) |
| Trajan | Under this emperor, Rome reached its greatest extent |
| Antonius Pius | Under this emperor, Rome reached its height in wealth and power |
| Titus | Emperor who captured Jerusalem |
| Vespasian | Emperor who began the Flavian Dynasty |
| Domitian | Emperor who seized power from his brother, Titus, by force |
| Diocletian | Emperor who greatly helped the Roman economy |
| Theodosuis | Emperor who declared Christianity the official religion of Rome |
| Aurelius | Last emperor of Pax Romana |
| Constantine | 1st Christian emperor of Rome; issued Edict of Milan |
| Legion | Basic unit of the Roman army; 1000 men |
| Edict of Milan | Issued by Constantine; gave freedom of worship to citizens of Rome |
| Aqueduct | Structure used to carry fresh water into Rome |
| Sect | Smaller group within a religion |
| Martyr | Someone who suffers or dies for their beliefs |
| Mercenary | Foreign soldier who fights for pay |
| Messiah | Savior sent by God |
| Jerusalem | Holy city captured and destroyed by Rome due to Jewish zealots |
| Civil law | Law that applied only to citizens of Rome |
| Law of Nations | Law that applied to all people under Roman control |
| Bishop | Member of the Christian heirarchy who is in charge of all Christians within a diocese |
| Pope | Head of the Catholic Church |
| Heresy | Belief contrary to official church teachings |
