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A2 organic - acyl chlorides

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AB
CH3.CO.Cl is calledethanoyl chloride
CH3.CH2.CO.Cl is calledprpanoyl chloride
CH3.CH2.CH2.CO.Cl is calledbutanoyl chloride
when a bottle of CH3.CO.Cl is opened white acidic fumes are observed these are..hydrogen chloride
CH3.CO.Cl + H2O productsCH3.CO.OH + HCl
CH3.CO.Cl + NH3 productsCH3.CO.NH2 + Cl
CH3.CO.OH is calledethanoic acid
CH3.CO.NH2 is calledethanamide
CH3.CO.Cl + H2O or NH3 reaction type isnucleophilic substitution
H2O or NH3 are nucleophiles because theyseek a (+) centre on the CH3.CO.Cl molecule
CH3.CO.Cl reacts more vigorously with H2O than CH3Cl becausea higher (+) charge induced in C of the CO by electron attraction of the O atom
CH3.CO.Cl + C2H5NH2 productsCH3.CO.NH.C2H5 + HCl
CH3.CO.NH.C2H5 is calledN-ethyl ethanamide
CH3.CO.Cl + C6H5NH2 productsCH3.CO.NH.C6H5 + HCl
C6H5NH2 is calledphenylamine (or aniline)
CH3.CO.NH.C6H5 is calledN-phenyl ethanamide
CH3.CO.Cl + C2H5OH productsCH3.CO.OC2H5 + HCl
CH3.CO.OC2H5 is calledethyl ethanoate
CH3.CO.Cl + C2H5OH gives a better yield than CH3COOH & C2H5OH becauseit is not a reversible reaction
CH3.CH2.CO.NH.C2H5 reactantsCH3.CH2.CO.Cl & C2H5.NH2
CH3.CH2.CH2.CO.OC2H5 reactantsCH3.CH2.CH2.CO.Cl & C2H5OH
CH3.CH2.CH2.CO.OC2H5 is calledethyl butanoate
CH3.CH2.CO.NH.C2H5 calledN-ethyl propanamide
CH3.CO.Cl + CH3.CH2.CH2OH productsCH3.CO.O CH2.CH2.CH3 + HCl
CH3.CO.O CH2.CH2.CH3 is calledpropyl ethanoate


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The King's School, Grantham

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