| A | B |
|---|
| Vascular plants | land plants with roots, stems, leaves, and transport tubes in stems and leaves |
| xylem | transport tube - carries water and minerals from roots to leaves |
| phloem | transports nutrients made in leaves to rest of plant |
| tap root | main anchoring root - grows straight down - ex. carrot |
| fibrous root | thin anchoring roots from dense network near surface |
| meristem | place where new root cell production and growth occurs |
| herbaceous | soft flexible stems, usually annuals (1 growing season) |
| woody | strong hand stem - usually perennials (many growing seasons) |
| vascular cambium | growth tissue produces new xylem and phloem |
| leaves | place where photosynthesis takes place |
| epidermis | top leaf layer - covered with cuticle - prevents water loss |
| spongy layer | 2nd mesophyll - place where photosynthesis occurs |
| palisade layer | 1st mesophyll - where most photosynthesis takes place |
| stomata | opening in epidermis - allow air and water in and out of leaf |
| guard cell | 2 - surround stomata and tell it when to open or close |
| rhizome | a type of horizontal root that grows new buds |
| gymnosperm | have seeds produced in cones - no seed cover |
| angiosperm | flowering plants - seeds have outer covering |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
| cross pollination | polination from anther of 1 flower to stigma of another flower |
| self pollination | pollinate from anther to stigma on same flower |
| fertilization | pollen travels from stigma - pollen tube - ovule - egg |
| pollen | sperm that combines with egg (seed) to form a zygote |
| zygote | new cell resulting from fertilization - becomes embryo |
| embryo | becomes the seed |
| stored food | food seed uses as it develops |
| seed coat | protective after covering |
| dicot | 2 seed leaves |
| monocot | 1 seed leaf |
| photosynthesis | process by which a plant makes its own food using carbon dioxide, water, light, and chlorophyll |
| chloroplast | contain chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place |
| stamen | male part of flower composed of filament and anther |
| anther | contains pollen grains |
| filament | long stem that anther sits on |
| pistil | female part of flower - contains overy |
| ovary | contains ovule - produces eggs |
| style | slender part of pistil - contains pollen tube |
| stigma | sticky top part of pistil - traps pollen |
| sepals | 1st leaves - eventually serve as base for flower |
| trophism | a plant's response |
| geotrophism | plant's response to gravity |
| phototrophism | plants response to light |
