| A | B |
|---|
| The European nations began to form in the _____ | late medieval period |
| _____ united England. | William the Conqueror |
| William the Conqueror led the ____ | Norman Conquest |
| William the Conqueror invaded and captured England in ____ | 1066 |
| Common law developed during the reign of ____ | Henry II |
| _____ signed the Magna Carta | King John |
| The result of the Magna Carta was _____ | limited the power of the king |
| The Hundred Years War was between ____ | England and France |
| ____ was elected to the French throne. | Hugh Capet |
| Hugh Capet's capital was ____ | Paris |
| Hugh Capet dynasty achieved ____ | control over most of France |
| _____ were the rulers who unified Spain | Ferdinand & Isabella |
| _____ was a unifying factor and Catholic martyr. | Joan of Arc |
| Joan of Arc was important because she _____ | helped unify France |
| The Hundred Years War was important to both England and France because ____ | it helped define each as nations |
| Ferdinand and Isabella expelled ____ from Spain. | the Muslim Moors |
| _____ expanded the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere | Philip II |
| _____ was the ruler of Russia who overthrew the Mongols | Ivan the Great |
| Ivan the Great's achievements included ____ | expansion of the Russian nation & consolidation of power in Moscow |
| _____ held power in Russia. | the tsar |
| The ____ influenced the unification of Russia. | Orthodox Church |
| The goal of the Crusades was to ____ | take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| What event began the Crusades? | Pope Urban's speech |
| During the ____ Crusade Jerusalem was captured by the Christians. | 1st |
| _____ was the Muslim leader who captured Jerusalem. | Saladin |
| _____ was sacked by western crusaders | Constantinople (Istanbul) |
| Positive effects of the Crusades were ____ | stimulated trade & strengthened monarchs |
| Negative effects of the Crusades were _____ | weakened Pope, nobles, Byzanyine empire; left legacy of bitterness between religions |
| Russia, China, and Muslim state in SW Asia were ____ | invaded by Mongols |
| The results of Mongol invasions were ____ | cities & countryside destroyed |
| The _____ conquered the Byzantine Empire. | Ottoman Turks |
| The Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire in ____ | 1453 |
| The capital of the Ottoman Empire was ____ | Istanbul (previously Constantinople) |
| _____ is another name for the Black Death. | bubonic plague |
| Results of the Black Death were ____ | decline in population, decline of church influence, trade disrupted, scarcity of labor, towns freed of feudal obligations |
| Aisa and Europe were affected by ____ | the Black Death |
| During the Middle Ages the ____ were educated. | clergy (priests, monks, bishops, Pope) |
| During the Middle Ages, the nobility was concerned with ____ | feudal obligations |
| Ancient literature wass preserved by _____ | monasteries |
| A monastery is ____ | a place where church scholars worked & lived |
| _____ works were translated into Latin in monasteries. | Greek and Arabic |
| Monasteries led to the rise of ____ in Europe. | universities |
| The Church made _____ knowledge avialbe in Europe. | philosophy, medicine, science |
| New products were introduced into Europe by the ____ | crusades |
| Credit and banking developed to facilitate (help) ____ | trade |
| Europe needed to produce more goods to trade because _____ | they wanted Middle Eastern goods |
| Usury is _____ | lending money at interest |
| The conflict between the Church's rule against usury and banks' practice of charging interest helped _____ | secularization of Northern Italy |
| Secular means ______ | not religious (these are opposites) |
| The supply of money expanded and trade became easier when _____ began to be used. | letters of credit |
| The use of Arabic numerals was a new _____ | bookkeeping practice introduced during the late medieval period |
