| A | B |
|---|
| fibrous | root system made up of many thin, branched roots |
| root cap | cup-shaped mass of cells that covers and protects a root tip |
| root hair | thin, hairlike structure on the outer layer of the root tip |
| taproot system | root system made up of one large root and many small, thin roots |
| herbaceous stem | stem that is soft and green |
| phloem | tissue that caries food from the leaves throughout the plant |
| woody stem | stem that contains wood and is thick and hard |
| xylem | tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots |
| blade | wide, flat part of leaf |
| epidermis | outer, protective layer of the leaf |
| mesophyll | middle layer of leaf tissue in which food-making occurs |
| stomata | tiny openings in the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf |
| vein | bundle of tubes that contain the xylem and phloem in a leaf. |
| chlorophyll | chemical pigment needed for photosynthesis. |
| chloroplast | organelle of green plant cells where photosynthesis takes place |
| photosynthesis | food-making process that uses sunlight. |
| petal | kind of leaf that often is brightly colored. |
| pistil | female reproductive organ in a flower. |
| sepal | special kind of leaf that protects the flower bud. |
| stamen | male reproductive organ in a flower. |
| anther | part of the stamen that produces pollen. |
| fertilization | joining of the nuclei of the male and female reproductive cells. |
| filament | stalk of the anther |
| pollen grains | male plant reproductive cells |
| pollination | movement of pollen from a stamen to a pistil |
| embryo | undeveloped plant or animal |
| ovary | bottom part of the pistil |
| ovule | part of the ovary that develops into a seed after fertilization |
| stigma | top part of the pistil |
| hilum | mark on the seed coat where the seed was attached to the ovary |
| seed coat | outside covering of a seed |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction needing only one parent |
| bulb | underground stem covered with fleshy leaves |
| tuber | underground stem |
| vegetative propagation | kind of asexual reproduction that uses parts of plants to grow new plants |
| stimulus | something that causes a reaction to take place |
| tropism | growth of a plant in response to something in the environment |
