| A | B |
|---|
| Aerobes | requires oxygen for resperation |
| AIDS | aquired immune deficiency syndrome, a fatal communicable disease caused by an RNA virus |
| Antibodies | substances made by the body in responce to an antigen |
| Algae | plant-like protists that contain chlorophyll and make their own food; they have no roots, stems, or leaves and live in or near water |
| Asci | the spore-produsing sacs of sac fungi |
| Alternations of Generations | in some protists and in plants, a cycle that alterntes between sporophyteand ametophyte generations |
| Acid Rain | rain that combines with sulfer dioxide and nitrogin oxide in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid and then falls to earth |
| Angiosperms | vasculer plants in which the seed is enclosed in a fruit such as an apple |
| Appendages | structures growing from the body, such as arms and legs |
| Amniote Egg | a type of egg that provides a complete enviroment for the developing embryo |
| Bog | low-lying, spongy, wet ground composed mainly of dead and decaying plants |
| Bilateral Symmetry | describes animals that have body parts arranged in the same way on both sides of their body |
| Biological Indicators | organisms that reflect the condition of the environment |
| Budding | a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows from the body of its parent; for example , yeast |
| Chitin | a strong, flexible carbohydrate forming the cell walls of hyphae and found in the body-covering and wings of insects |
| Cilia | short, hairlike structures that extend from the cell membrane and help tiny organisms move; found in respritory passages |
| Carotenoids | red, yellow, or orange pigments in plant-like chloroplasts and in all cyanobacteria |
| Cellulose | the organic compound that forms plant and cell walls; made up of long chains of sugar molocules |
| Cuticle | a waxy protective layer on stems and leaves of plants that help conserve water |
| Cambium | tissue in wascular plants that grows to produce new xylem and phloem cells |
| Cnidarians | a phylum of animals having stinging cells |
| Collar Cells | cells that line the inside of a sponge and help water move through the sponge |
| Cyst | a young, parastic worm with a protective covering |
| Crop | in an earthworm, a sac in the digestive system that stores soil eaten by the worm |
| Cartilage | a thick, tough, smooth, flexible tissue that is harder then flesh but softer then bone; it covers the ends of bones to allow movement and cushion shock |
| Dicots | angiosperms having 2 seed leaves inside their seeds; for example, maple trees |
| Dorsal Nerve Cord | a bundle of nerves that lies above the notochord in a chordate animal; the spinal cord in most vertabrates |
| Endospore | a thick-walled cell that some bacteria produce around themselfs, especiall y for protection from heat and drought |
| Epiphyte | a plant that grows on other plants for physical support |
| Echinoderms | spiny-skinned invertabrate animals that live on the seafloor, including sea stars and sand dollars |
| Estivation | an adaptation for survival in hot, dry weather during which an animal becomes inactive and all body processes slow down |
| Fission | a reproduction method used by bacteria in which one divides to form 2 bacteria having identical genetic material |
| Flagellum | a whip-like tail on bacteria and some protists that helps them move through moist enviroment |
| Frond | the leaf of a fern |
| Filter Feeders | organisms that obtain food food by filtering it from the water in which they live |
| Free-living | organisms that find their own food and place to live without depending on other organisms |
| Gametophyte | the form of a plant that produces male and/ or female gametes |
| Gizzard | in an earthworm, a muscular structure in the digestive sustem that grinds up soil |
| Gill Slits | paired openings in the throat; in fish, they develop into gills for breathing under water |
| Hyphae | masses of threadlike structures that form the body of a fungus |
| Guard Cells | in a plant leaf, cells that surround the stomata to open and close them |
| Gymnosperm | a vascular plant that produces seeds on the scales of cones, such as pine cones |
| Hermaphrodite | an animal that produces both sperm and eggs |
| Hibernation | an adaptation for winter survival during which an animal becomes inactive and all body processes slow down |
| Interferon | a protein produces in animal cells that blocks viruses from reproducing in other cells |
| Latent Virus | a virus that becomes part of a cell's DNA and lies dormant until something causes it to become active, whereupon it destrots the cell and makes new viruses |
| Lichen | A fungus living in a mutualistic relationshipwith green algae |
| Larva | a stage in development between an egg and adult |
| Mutualistic | a relationship in which two organisms live together; both benefit in some way |
| Monocots | angiosperms having a single seed leaf inside their seeds |
| Medusa | a cnidarian that is bell-shaped and free-swimming |
| Mantle | in a mollusk, the outside covering of the soft body; it secretes chemicals that be |
| Metamorphosis | in insects, the changes of form during hte life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, adult |
| Mollusks | soft bodied invertabrates that usually have a shell, such as a snail |
| Molting | in animals, the periodic shedding and replacing of the old body covering , such as skin or an exoskeleton |
| Mammary Glands | glands in female mammels that produce milk for feeding young |
| Contour Feathers | on birds, the strong feathers that give birds their coloring and sleek shape |
| Down Feathers | on birds, their soft, fluffy insulating feathers that cover their skin |
| Incubate | to keep an egg or newborn animal warm; the heat helps the eggs develop until they hatch and helps young to survive |
| Nitrogen-Fixation | The process in which bacteria that change nitrogen in the air into niitrogen compounds that are useful to plants and animals |
| Nonvascular Plants | A plant lacking tube-like vessels to transport food and water |
| Notochord | a flexible, rodlike structure along the dorsal side of a chordate animal; the backbone in vertebrates |
| Ovary | in angiosperms, the swollen base of the pistil, where the ovules form |
| Ovules | the reproductive part of a female plant that contain the eggs |
| Parasite | usually an organism, but anything that obtains food from a host organism and at the same time harms the host organism |
| Pathogen | any organism that causes disease |
| Protists | simple organisms having cells with a nucleus, members of the Kingdom Protista |
| Protozoa | one-celled, animal-like protists |
| Pseudopods | a footlike extension of cytoplasm used by some organisms to move and trap food |
| Pioneer Species | the first plants to grow in a new or disturbed area |
| Phloem | tubular cells in vasculer plants that move food from leaves and stems to other parts of the plants for use or storage |
| Pistil | the female reproductive organ of a flower |
| Pollen Grains | the reproductive part of a male plant that contains the sperm |
| Pollen Tubes | a hollow structure that grows from a pollen grain into an ovule, through which a sperm swims into the ovule for fertilization |
| Pollenation | the transfer of pollen grains from the stamen to the ovule |
| Polyp | a cnidarian that is tube-shaped and sessile |
| Porifera | the phylum which sponges belong to |
| Predator | an organism that kills and eats prey to obtain energy |
| Prey | an organism that is earen by a predator |
| Placenta | part of the sac that surrounds an embryo in mammals |
| Poaching | illegal hunting of animals |
| Preening | a behavior of birds in which a bird uses its beak to rup oil over its feathers to condition them and make them water repellent |
| Rhizoids | rootlike filaments containing only a few long cells |
| Rhizome | the underground stem of a fern |
| Regeneration | a type of asexual reproduction in which a hole new organism grows from just a part of the parent organism |
| Radula | in mollusks, a tonge-like organ with rows of teeth that scrape and tear food |
| Saprophyte | any organism that uses dead material as an energy sourse |
| Sporangia | the round, spore-producing cases of zygote fungi |
| Spore | a resistant reprodictive cell that forms new organisms without fertilization |
| Symbiosis | a condition where 2 organisms live together for mutual benifit |
| Sori | structures that produce spores on the under-side of the fern fronds |
| Sporophyte | a capsule in which spores are produced by meiosis in plants such as mosses |
| Scrubber | a machine that blows water mist through gases in the smokestack of fossil fuel-burning plant to remove sulfer dioxide and nitrogin oxide |
| Spongy Layer | in a plant leaf, a layer of loosly arranged cells with xylem and phloem tissues; lies between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis |
| Stamen | the male reproductive organ of a flower |
| Stomata | in a plant leaf, small pores in the surface that allow carbon dioxide, water and oxygen to enter and leave |
| Sessile | describes organisms, such as trees, that remain attached to one place during their lifetime |
| Setae | in a segmented worm, bristle-like structures on the outside of the body that helps it grip soil and move |
| Toxin | a poison produced by disease-causing organisms(pathogens) |
| Tentacles | the arm-like structures that surround the mouthes of some organisms and help them to capture food |
| Umbilical Cord | a bundle of blood vessels connecting the placenta to the embryos naval in mammals; carrys nutrients and oxygen to the embryo |
| Vaccine | a solution made from a killed or weakened virus; causes aritficial immunity |
| Viruses | microscopic particles made of either a DNA or an RNA core and covered with a protein coat; it infects host cells in order to reproduce |
| Vascular Plants | a plant having tube-like vessels that transport food and water |
| Xylem | tubular vessels in vasculer plants that transport water and minerals from the roots up through the plant |
| Tube Feet | in an echinoderm, structures attached to the water vasculer system that act like suction cups and help the echinoderm to move, feed, get oxygen, and get rid of waste. |
