| A | B |
|---|
| arms race | a competition between countries for more & better weapons |
| isolationism | staying out of foreign affairs |
| dictator | a person w/ complete control of a gov't |
| fascism | a political system based on racism & nationalism & ruled by a dictator & single political party |
| totalitarian state | a gov't w/ total control over the lives of its citizens |
| appeasement | giving into another nation's demands just to keep peace |
| rationing | limiting the amount of scarce goods people can buy |
| Washington Naval Conference | meeting sponsored by US in 1920s in which US, Japan & European countries agreed to limit production of warships, respect China's independence & not to attack each other's possessions in the Pacific |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | signed by 62 nations in 1928; all agreed to stay out of war except in cases of self-defense |
| Good Neighbor Policy | US foreign policy w/ Latin America in which we stopped intervening in LA countries & w/drew our military forces |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian fascist dictator & WWII leader |
| Adolf Hitler | German Nazi dictator & WWII leader |
| National Socialist German Workers' Party | formal name of the Nazi Party |
| Crystal Night | Kristallnacht; Nazi pogrom against German Jews in which their homes, businesses and synagogues were attacked and many destroyed; mass arrests w/ many sent to concentration camps |
| Axis Powers | alliance between Italy, Germany & Japan; name given to these nations during WWII |
| Neutralty Act of 1935 | US isolationist law that banned the sale of weapons to any country at war |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | US president during the Depression and WWII |
| Spanish Civil War | between fascist forces attempting to overthrow Spanish democratic gov't; Nazis supported the Spanish fascists |
| Abraham Lincoln Brigade | volunteers from the US who fought with Spanish Republicans to defeat fascists in Spanish Civil War |
| Third Reich | Hitler's name for the German empire he was creating |
| Munich Agreement | 1938 agreement between Germany, Britain, France & Italy; Britan & France appeased Hitler's demands for the Sudetenland and forced Czechs to give up 1/3 of their nation; Hitler promised no more territorial demands |
| Anschluss | when Germany annexed Austria in 1938 |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister in WWII |
| Joseph Stalin | leader/dictator of USSR in WWII |
| blitzkrieg | Nazi style of fighting used in early WWII; means lighting war |
| Battle of Britain | occurred over the summer and fall of 1940; when British were bombed by Nazis in preparation for invasion; Brits won |
| Neutrality Act of 1939 | law allowing US to sell weapons to nations at war; passed to help Britain fight WWII |
| Lend-Lease Bill | law passed allowing Britain to obtain war materials from US w/out paying; they would return/replace the items after the war was over |
| Atlantic Charter | between US & Britain; set Allied goals for WWII; resulted in 4 Freedoms & supported self-determination |
| Four Freedoms | proposed by FDR & Churchill as basic human rights statement; freedoms are: 1) speech; 2) religion; 3) from want; 4) from fear |
| Pearl Harbor | Japanese surprise attack on 12/7/1941 that caused US to enter WWII |
| War Production Board | created by FDR to supervise US industry in its transition to wartime production levels & war related goods |
| Executive Order #8802 | when FDR banned discrimination in defense industry & gov't jobs |
| Navajo Code Talkers | Navajo Indians who used their language as a secure form of communication for US Marine Corps in WWII |
| Executive Order #9066 | when FDR authorized the removal of Japanese-Americans from military areas; led to their confinement in internment camps until 1945 |
| nisei | children born to Japanese parents living in the US |
| General Douglas McArthur | US military leader in WWII; Supreme Allied commander of all Allied Forces in Pacific |
| Battle of Coral Sea | 1st carrier-to-carrier naval battle fought entirely by planes; halted Japanese advance in the Pacific |
| Battle of Midway | 1942; turning point in Pacific war; Japan no longer controlled Pacific; Japan fought defensively from this point on in WWII |
| Big Three | leaders of major Allied nations during WWII; FDR (later Truman), Churchill & Stalin |
| General Dwight David Eisenhower | US military leader in WWII; Supreme commander of all Allied Forces in Europe |
| Battle of Stalingrad | major defeat for Nazis in 1943 in USSR; turning point of eastern European war; stopped Nazis advance in the east & forced Nazis to fight defensively from then on |
| Operation Overlord | official name of the Allied landings in France on D-Day |
| D-Day | 6/7/1944 when combined Allied forces landed in Normandy, France; turning point in western European war; Nazis now fought only defensively |
| Harry S Truman | became president when FDR died on 4/12/45 |
| V-E Day | May 8, 1945; when Germans surrendered unconditionally to Allies; war in Europe is over |
| kamikaze | Japanese suicide bombers during WWII; Japanese word meaning divine wind |
| Enola Gay | US plane that dropped the 1st atomic bomb |
| Hiroshima | Japanese city; target of 1st atomic bomb |
| Nagasaki | Japanese city where 2nd atomic bomb was dropped |
| V-J Day | Aug. 15, 1945; when Japan surrendered unconditionally to Allies; WWII officially ended |
| The Holocaust | the systematic & deliberate murder/policy of extermination of more than 11 million Europeans, primarily Jews, by Hitler & the Nazis |
| Nuremberg Trials | the international war crimes trials held at the end of WWII in Nuremberg, Germany to prosecute Nazis for crimes committed during WWII |
| Phony War | period between Oct 1939 & May 1940 when Europe was at war but not fighting |
| wolf pack | new style of German sub attack used in WWII against Allied shipping in the Atlantic |
