| A | B |
|---|
| active transport | process by which cells use energy to transport molecules through the cell membrane, low concentration to high concentration |
| amino acids | any one of several building blocks of proteins |
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function that makes up all living things |
| cell membrane | the thin boundary between the cell and its environment |
| cellular respiration | the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy in them |
| chloroplast | the green organelle that contains chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis |
| circulation | the flow of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism |
| cytoplasm | jellylike substance that is between the cell membrane and the nucleus, contains the organelles |
| digestion | the process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organelles can use |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from areas of high concentrartion to areas of low concentration, does not require energy |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things |
| excretion | the removal of cellular wastes; liquids and gases |
| homeostasis | the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes |
| hormone | chemical messengers produced in the endocrine glands, proteins |
| immunity | the body's ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease |
| inorganic | a type of molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen but can contain any other combination of elements |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism |
| mitochondria | pod-shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients, site of cellular respiration, "powerhouse of the cell" |
| nucleus | a large structure within a cell that controls the cell's metabolism and stores genetic information (chromosomes and DNA) |
| organ | a body structure made of different kinds of tissues combined to perform a specific function |
| organ system | several organs that work together to perform a major function in the body |
| organelle | a structure within the cell that carries out a specific function |
| organic | term used to describe molecules that contain both hydrogen and carbon |
| receptor molecule | certain protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells |
| respiration | the process by which chemical bond energy stored in nutrients is released for use in cells |
| reproduction | the process by which organisms produce new organisms of the same type |
| ribosome | one of the tiny structures (organelles) in the cell that is the site of protein synthesis |
| simple sugars | the result of digested starches, ex: glucose |
| synthesis | a life process that involves combining simple substances into more complex substances |
| tissue | a group of specialized cells that perform a specific function |
| vacuole | storage sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell that may contain either wastes or useful materials, such as water or food |
| passive transport | diffusion, does not require energy |
| ATP | an organic compound that stores respiratory energy in the form of chemical bond energy for transport from one part of the cell to another |
