| A | B |
|---|
| asexual reproduction | a method of reproduction in which all the genes passed on to the offspring come from a single parent |
| biotechnology | the combination of technology and biological sciences |
| bond | the chemical link between atoms that holds molecules together |
| chromosome | a thick, threadlike structure that contains genetic information in the form of DNA |
| clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| DNA | the material found in all cells that contains genetic information about that organism (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| egg | a sex cell produced by a female |
| expressed | the way that an unseen gene is seen in an organism as an actual physical trait |
| gene | a segment of DNA (on a chromosome) that contains the code for a specific trait |
| genetic engineering | a set of technologies that humans use to alter the genetic instructions of an organism by substituting DNA molecules |
| genetic recombination | the formation of a new combination of genes during sexual reproduction |
| heredity | the passing on of traits from parent to offspring |
| mutation | any alteration in the sequence of DNA |
| replicate | to copy |
| selective breeding | the process of choosing a few organisms with desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next generation |
| sexual reproduction | a method of reproduction that involes two parents to produce offspring that are genetically different from either parent |
| sperm | a sex cell produced by a male |
| nucleotide | the section of a DNA molecule that contains a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base (a subunit of DNA) |
| template | the pattern for a new molecule |
| traits | characteristic that are passed on from parent to offspring through genes |
| gamete | a sex cell |
| meiosis | the process that results in the formation of sex cells (gametes), cell division in which daughter cells have half the normal species chromosome number |
| mitosis | the process that divides the cell's nucleus into two, each with a complete set of genetic material from the parent; cell division in which daughter cells are identical to the parent cell |
