| A | B |
| NOUNS | name people, places, |
| NOUNS | name things/objects that can be seen, heard, touched, smelled |
| NOUNS | name feelings, ideas, abstract concepts |
| PRONOUNS | take the place of nouns |
| PRONOUNS | establishe the voice of the narrator |
| VERBS | reveal actions |
| VERBS | express states of being |
| VERBS | link nouns and pronouns |
| VERBS | make prose come alive with drama |
| ADJECTIVES | always attached to a noun |
| ADJECTIVES | define the qualities of a person, place, or thing |
| ADJECTIVES | share relevant details about a person, place, or thing |
| ADJECTIVES | usually precede the noun they modify |
| ADVERBS | partner with verbs, adjectives, other adverbs |
| ADVERBS | answer the when? where? how? how much? |
| NOUNS | answer who? what? |
| ADVERBS | express time, place, manner, degree |
| ADVERBS | many add -ly to the adjectival form of the word |
| PREPOSITIONS | link nouns/pronouns logically to other parts of speech |
| PREPOSITIONS | work singly or in groups |
| PREPOSITIONS | worker bees of sentences that link something more important |
| CONJUNCTIONS | join words, phrases, clauses |
| CONJUNCTIONS | help smooth prose, link ideas, indicate contradictions |
| CONJUNCTIONS | add texture and complexity to writing |
| ADJECTIVES | describe using the 5 senses |
| INTERJECTIONS | add excitement to prose |
| INTERJECTIONS | function structurally outside the sentence |
| INTERJECTIONS | make phrasing less formal |
| ARTICLES | adjectives that reveal the definiteness or indefiniteness of a noun |
| ARTICLES | a, an, the |