| A | B |
|---|
| adaptation | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particula environment |
| descent with modification | process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
| natural selection | process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| fossils | preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past |
| fossil record | chronological collection of lie's remains in sedimentary rock layers |
| extinct | no longer existing as a living species on Earth |
| homologous structures | similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor |
| vestigial structures | remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species |
| population | group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area at the same time |
| variation | difference among members of a species |
| artificial selection | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits |
| gene pool | all of the alleles in all the individauls that make up a popultation |
| microevolution | evolution on the smallest scale-a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
| hardy-weinberg equilibrium | condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time |
| genetic drift | change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
| gene flow | exchange of genes between populations |
| fitness | contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals |
| antibiotics | medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria |
