| A | B |
|---|
| plain | a landform that is a large, relatively flat area; interior plains and costal plains mauke up one-half the land area in the U.S. |
| plateau | landform created next to mountains, when forces within Earth raised high, relatively flat areas of nearly horizontal rocks. |
| folded mountain | a mountain created when rock layers are squeezed from opposite sides, causing them to buckle and fold. |
| upwarped mountain | a mountain formed when Earth's crust is pushed up and eroded, forming sharp peaks and ridges. |
| fault-block mountain | a jagged mountain formed from huge, tilted blocks of rock that are separated from surrounding rock by faults. |
| volcanic mountain | a mountain created when magma within Earth escapes to the surface, building cones of lava and ash |
| equator | an imaginary line, at 0 degrees latitude, that circles Earth exactly halfway between the North and South Poles; separates Earth into the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere. |
| latitude | a distance north or south of the equator, expressed in degrees |
| prime meridan | an imaginary line running from the North Pole to the South Pole, passing through Greenwich, England; the 0 degrees reference line for longitude. |
| longitude | a distance east or west of the prime meridian, expressed in degrees. |
| International Date Line | the 180 degree meridian, on the other side of Earth from the prime meridian; an imaginary line in the Pacific Ocean where we change calendar days. |
| Mercator projection | a map-projection method using parallel longitude lines; continent shares are accurate, but their areas are distorted. |
| Robinson projection | a map-projection method using curved longitude lines; continent shapes and land areas are accurate with little distortion. |
| conic projection | a map-projection made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone; it produces accurate maps of areas smaller than the whole Earth, such as a nation or state. |
| topographic map | a map that uses contour lines to show changes in elevation at Earth's surface; shows natural features such as lakes and cultural features such as cities and dams. |
| contour line | a line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation. |
| contour interval | the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines on a topographic map |
| map legend | the key on most maps that is used to explain what the symbols on the map mean. |
| map scale | the relationship between distances drawn on a map and actual distances on Earth's surface. |
| Landsat Satellite | satellite that collects information about Earth's surfce by using a mirror to detect different wavelengths of reflected or emitted energy |
| Topex Poseidon Satellite | satellite that collects information about Earth's oceans by using radar. |
| sonar | the use of sound-wave echoes to detect the size and shape of structures found underwater. |
