| A | B |
|---|
| glacier | land-based ice, with movement now or in the past |
| icefield, snowfield | land-based ice, no movement |
| sea ice, pack ice | ice that is not land-based, may be moving |
| ice floe | a moving, smaller chunk of sea or pack ice |
| iceberg | a moving, smaller chunk of glacial ice now in the ocean |
| alpine glaciation | glaciation in and controlled by a mountainous terrain |
| valley glacier | glaciers formed in mountain valleys |
| cirque glacier | small valley glacier located in the headward portion of the valley |
| simple valley glacier | a valley glacier that is similar in scale to its valley |
| compound valley glacier | larger valley glacier that receives ice from more than one tributary valley |
| trough valley glacier | larger valley glacier that receives ice from all the valleys in the system |
| piedmont glacier | valley glacier that extends beyond it valley |
| tidewater glacier | valley glacier that extends into the ocean |
| radial outflow glacier | valley glacier that receives ice from an icecap above the valley |
| continental glaciation | large scale glacier that overpowers a landscape |
| ice sheet | large scale glacier that is layer like in geometry |
| ice cap | ice sheet found in a mountain range |
| continental glacier | ice sheet found in relatively flat terrain |
| ice shelf | ice sheet flows off the land surface and into the ocean |
| snowflake | hexagonal crystal of the mineral ice |
| ice granule | a rounded pellet of ice |
| firn | a frozen layer of ice granules |
| basal slip | the component of flow in a glacier at its contact with bedrock |
| plastic flow | the component of flow in a glacier within its lower portion |
| zone of crevassing | the upper rigid surface zone of a glacier |
| glacial head | zone of accumulation, a glacier's proximal end |
| zone of accumulation | where ice mass is added to a glacier |
| firnline, snowline | boundary between the zone of accumulation and the zone of wasting |
| glacial toe, snout | zone of wasting, a glacier's distal end |
| ablation | the wasting of a glacier by melting |
| sublimation | wating of a glacier by loss to atmosphere |
| icebery calving | wasting of a glacier by loss of ice chunks |
| glacial advance, waxing | accumulation > wasting, when ice mass is gained |
| stillstand | accumulation = wasting, when ice mass is in balance |
| glacial retreat, waning | accumulation< wasting, when ice mass is lost |
| glacial surge | a temporary advance of the toe due to a flow rate increase, little change in ice mass |
| plucking, quarrying | glacial erosion in which solid materials are moved |
| abrasion | glacial erosion due to solid materials in motion |
| rock flour | the fine grained sediment formed by glacial abrasion |
| glacial polish | under-ice erosional feature in which bedrock is abraded smooth by rock flour |
| glacial striations | under-ice erosional features formed by a parallel set of scratches cut by glacial rocks as drag marks |
| glacial grooves | under-ice erosional features formed by furrows cut by larger glacial rocks |
| whaleback, roche moutonnee | under-ice erosional feature formed by an oval, asymmetrical hill, with its taller end oriented in the down flow direction |
| U-shaped valley | glacial valley formed by under-ice erosional |
| cirque | the headward portion of a U-shpaed valley |
| fjord | U-shaped valley now flooded by the ocean to form coastal bays and inlets |
| tarn | cirque basin lake |
| pater noster lakes | a chain of lakes occupied shallow rock basins in a U-shaped valley |
| nunatak | the peak of a glaciated mountain that is above the ice |
| horn | erosional mountain peak formed above the ice |
| arete | erosional mountain ridge formed above the ice |
| col | a pass, or saddle, that connects two cirques across an arete |
| truncated spur | the lower end of an arete whose end has been eroded by a trough glacier |
| hanging valley | small U-shaped valley whose lower end is suspended above a trough valley |
| drift | glacial deposits |
| till | ice-melt deposits |
| outwash | meltwater deposits |
| loess | a layer of wind-blown sediment |
| moraine | landscape feature composed of till |
| end moraine | a ridge of till that forms at the toe of a glacial |
| terminal end moraine | a ridge of till that marks the maximum advance position of a glacier |
| recessional end moraine | a ridge of till that marks a stillstand during retreat |
| lateral moraine | ridge of till that forms along the side of a glacier |
| medial moraine | ridge of till that forms in the middle of a glacier, formed when two lateral moraine combine |
| ground moraine | a layer of till that forms during steady retreat |
| drumlin | an oval, asymmetrical hill of till, with its taller end oriented toward the flow of a glacier |
| drumlin field | a group of drumlins with similar compass orientations |
| rock drumlin | an oval, asymmetrical hill of bedrock, covered in a layer of till |
| erratic | a transported glacial boulder that differs from the local rock |
| boulder train | a row of erratic boulder |
| outwash plain | large layer of meltwater deposits |
| valley train | small layer of meltwater deposits associated with a valley glacier |
| kame | a hill of outwash |
| kame terrace | a ridge of outwash |
| esker | a ridge of outwash formed by an under-ice meltwater stream |
| kettle | depression in ground moraine or outwash sheet, formed when buried block of ice melts |
| pothole | building-size kettle |
| kettle lake | a small lake found in a kettle |
| varved clays | meltwater lake deposits that contain an alternating pair of layers thought to be seasonal in origin |
| dropstone shale | lake or marine shales with large rocks dropped into place by melting icebergs |
| pluvial lake | Ice Age lake formed with the change in weather patterns |
